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首页> 外文期刊>Quaternary International >Holocene palaeoecology and human-environmental interactions at the coastal Black Sea Lake Durankulak, northeastern Bulgaria
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Holocene palaeoecology and human-environmental interactions at the coastal Black Sea Lake Durankulak, northeastern Bulgaria

机译：保加利亚东北部沿海黑海杜兰库拉克湖全新世古生态学与人类-环境相互作用

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The environmental changes (vegetation history, human impact and land use, influence of the Black Sea) in the area of Lake Durankulak, northeastern Bulgaria, were reconstructed and synthesized for the last ca. 8000 years. The palaeoecological information derived from various proxies (pollen, plant macrofossils, molluscs, sediments) was compared on a regional scale with the evidence from the nearby coastal lakes Shabla-Ezeretz and Bolata. The Early Holocene xerothermic steppe vegetation, dominated by Cheno-podiaceae, Artemisia and Poaceae species, and accompanied by stands of trees in moister habitats, was transformed after 6000 cal. BP into a forest-steppe, comprising oak woods with Carpinus betulus, Ulmus, Tilia, Acer. This vegetation pattern has been periodically modified, depleted and replaced by arable land or xerothermic herbaceous communities enriched with anthropophytes and ruderals, particularly after the intensification of human activities since 3300 cal. BP. The archaeobotanical evidence from the region has provided valuable information about the occupation phases and subsistence strategy of the local people since the Late Neolithic (5300 cal. BC/7250 cal. BP). Periods with cultivation of cereals (Triticum, Hordeum) and/or stock-breeding activity were interrupted by abandonment of the settlements and the arable land due to unfavourable environmental changes. The periodical connection/isolation of Lake Durankulak with the Black Sea and the periods of marine influence were recorded by changes in the composition of the fossil molluscan fauna and the lithology of the sediments, and chronologically confirmed by radiocarbon dates. The development of the coastal lakes throughout the largest part of the Holocene has been also considerably influenced by the fluctuations of the Black Sea level.
机译：重建和综合了保加利亚东北部杜兰库拉克湖地区的环境变化（植被历史，人类影响和土地利用，黑海影响）。 8000年在区域尺度上比较了来自不同代理（花粉，植物大化石，软体动物，沉积物）的古生态信息，并从附近的沿海湖泊Shabla-Ezeretz和Bolata得到了证据。始新世的干热草原植被，主要由藜科，蒿科和禾本科物种构成，并在潮湿的生境中伴有树木的林分，在6000 cal之后发生了转化。 BP进入森林草原，由橡树与Carpinus betulus，Ulmus，Tilia，Acer组成。这种植被格局已被定期修改，耗竭，并被耕种土地或富含人为植物和y草的干热草本群落所取代，特别是自3300 cal开始人类活动加剧之后。 BP。自新石器时代晚期（公元前5300年BC / 7250 BP后）以来，该地区的考古植物学证据为当地居民的占领阶段和生存策略提供了宝贵的信息。由于不利的环境变化，放弃定居点和耕地中断了谷物种植（小麦，大麦）和/或畜牧活动的时期。杜兰库拉克湖与黑海的周期性连接/隔离以及海洋影响的时期通过软体动物化石成分的变化和沉积物的岩性记录，并通过放射性碳年代按时间顺序进行确认。整个全新世最大部分的沿海湖泊的发展也受到黑海水位波动的很大影响。

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  • 来源
    《Quaternary International》 |2014年第10期|277-286|共10页
  • 作者

    Spassimir Tonkov; Elena Marinova; Mariana Filipova-Marinova; Elissaveta Bozilova;

  • 作者单位

    Laboratory of Palynology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;

    Center for Archaeological Sciences, University of Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E, 3001 Leuven, Belgium,Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium;

    Museum of Natural History - Varna, 41 Maria Louisa Blvd., 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;

    Laboratory of Palynology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 8 Dragan Tzankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;

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