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首页> 外文期刊>Quaternary International >Archaeological and palaeopathological study on the third/second century BC grave from Turfan, China: Individual health history and regional implications
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Archaeological and palaeopathological study on the third/second century BC grave from Turfan, China: Individual health history and regional implications

机译：中国吐鲁番地区公元前三/二世纪坟墓的考古和古病理研究：个人健康史和区域意义

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摘要

This paper presents an archaeological-palaeopathological case study from Turfan (western China). Although this area is located outside of the two focus regions of the special issue (Baikal and Hokkaido), it once belonged to the same cultural sphere and experienced intensive contacts and exchanges with the neighbouring regions. The case study presented here combines detailed palaeopathological analysis of human skeletal remains with precise age determination and archaeological and regional contexts, demonstrating the high potential of such studies in arid and semi-arid China. The current paper also presents an unusual early case of prosthetic leg use from western China. The skeleton of a 50-65-year-old man and his wooden leg prosthesis discovered in a tomb in Shengjindian graveyard (Turfan, China) have been examined. Macroscopic lesions observed on ribs two to eleven, between the fifth and sixth cervical vertebra, and on the left knee joint are probably due to tuberculosis infection. The inflammatory process led to osseous ankylosis of the knee, fixing it at 135° flexion and 11° internal rotation, making walking impossible. The lost mobility of the disabled shank was regained by using an externally fitted wooden prosthesis which consists of thigh stabilizer, peg, leather straps, sheep/ goat horn reinforcement of the peg tip, and horse/Asiatic ass hoof as sink resistance. Heavy traces of wear and absence of muscle atrophy indicate long-term use of the prosthesis. Ten radiocarbon dates on the prosthesis, human bones and wood pieces from the same grave suggest the most probable age of the burial is about 300-200 BC (68% confidence interval), thus introducing the oldest functional leg prosthesis known to date. The results provide some support for a DNA-based hypothesis that the spread of tuberculosis in Asia was related to intensified inter-regional contacts and higher residential mobility during the first millennium BC.
机译：本文介绍了一个来自吐鲁番（中国西部）的考古-古病理学案例研究。尽管该地区位于特刊的两个重点区域（贝加尔湖和北海道）之外，但曾经属于同一文化领域，并且与邻近地区进行了深入的接触和交流。本文介绍的案例研究结合了对人类骨骼遗骸的详细古病理学分析，精确的年龄确定以及考古和地区背景，证明了此类研究在干旱和半干旱中国的巨大潜力。本文还介绍了来自中国西部的一个不寻常的早期假肢使用案例。在圣金殿墓地（中国吐鲁番）的一座墓中发现的一名50-65岁男子的骨骼和他的木腿假肢已经过检查。在第二至第十一肋骨，第五至第六颈椎之间以及左膝关节上观察到的肉眼可见病变可能是由于结核感染引起的。炎症过程导致膝盖骨性强直，将其固定在135°屈曲和11°内旋中，从而无法行走。通过使用外部安装的木制假体来恢复残疾小腿失去的活动能力，该假体由大腿稳定器，栓钉，皮带，栓钉尖端的绵羊/山羊角牛角和防止沉陷的马/亚洲驴蹄组成。严重的磨损痕迹和没有肌肉萎缩的迹象表明长期使用假体。假体上有十个放射性碳年代，来自同一坟墓的人类骨骼和木头碎片表明最可能的埋葬年龄是公元前300-200年（置信区间为68％），从而引入了迄今为止已知的最古老的功能性假肢。该结果为基于DNA的假说提供了一定的支持，该假说认为，亚洲结核病的蔓延与卑诗省第一千年间区域间接触的加强和居民的流动性增加有关。

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  • 来源
    《Quaternary International》 |2013年第21期|335-343|共9页
  • 作者

    Xiao Li; Mayke Wagner; Xiaohong Wu; Pavel Tarasov; Yongbin Zhang; Arno Schmidt; Tomasz Goslar; Julia Gresky;

  • 作者单位

    School of Chinese Gassics, Renmin University of China, 59 Zhongguancun St., Haidian District, Beijing 100872, PR China, Turfan Academy, 224 Gaochang Rd., Turfan 838000, PR China;

    Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Im Dol 2-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany;

    School of Archaeology and Museology, Peking University, 5 Baiyi Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, PR China;

    Institute of Geological Sciences, Palaeontology, Free University Berlin, MalteserstraJSe 74-100, Building D, 12249 Berlin, Germany;

    Turfan Academy, 224 Gaochang Rd., Turfan 838000, PR China;

    Otto Bock Healthcare, Max-Naeder-Str. )5, 37115 Duderstadt, Germany;

    Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 85, 61-614 Poznan, Poland,Poznan Radiocarbon Laboratory, ul. Rubiez46, 61-612 Poznan, Poland;

    Eurasia Department, German Archaeological Institute, Im Dol 2-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany;

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