Food for the dead, fuel for the pyre: symbolism and function of plant remains in provincial Roman cremation rituals in the necropolis of Bracara Augusta (NW Iberia)

Vaz Filipe Costa; Braga Cristina; Tereso Joao Pedro; Oliveira Claudia; Carretero Lara Gonzalez; Detry Cleia; Marcos Bruno; Fontes Luis; Martins Manuela

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Food for the dead, fuel for the pyre: symbolism and function of plant remains in provincial Roman cremation rituals in the necropolis of Bracara Augusta (NW Iberia)

机译：死者的食物，燃料的燃料：植物的象征性和功能仍然在省罗马火葬仪式仪式在Bracara Augusta（NW Iberia）

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This paper analyses and discusses the fuel and plant offerings found in 174 primary (pyre remains) and secondary contexts (ritual pits) of the necropolis of Via XVII in Bracara Augusta (Braga), in northern Portugal. This site is one of the largest Roman funerary complexes in the Iberian Peninsula, spanning from the last decades of the 1st century BC to the 7th century AD.More than 42500 charcoal fragments, comprising 44 different taxa, were analysed. Wood from deciduous Quercus was the most frequent, although other taxa such as Fraxinus sp., Fabaceae, Salix sp., Prunus sp., Rosaceae Maloideae and Castanea sativa were also relevant. The main criteria for the wood collection and use in the pyres might have been its availability in the region, although symbolic factors cannot be discarded. Evidence of wood from Fagus sylvatica and Pinus sylvestris, allowed to discuss the range of wood catchment area.A total of 407 remains of fruits and seeds were also identified in the samples, including shells of Juglans regia nuts, seeds and cones of Pinus pinea, endocarps of Prunus avium, P. domestica and P. persica, cotyledons of domestic pulses and a fragments of Cupressus sempervirens fruits. These remains were associated with symbolic and ritual aspects of the roman cremation ceremony.The results obtained were interpreted and contextualized according to their known use in the ritual process of Roman cremations by reviewing data from classical literary sources and other sites throughout the Roman Empire.

机译：本文分析并讨论了在葡萄牙北部的Bracara Augusta（Braga）的174次主要（Pyre Resident）和二次上下文（Ritual Pits）中发现的燃料和植物产品。该网站是伊比利亚半岛最大的罗马葬礼复合体之一，跨越公元前1世纪至7世纪的ad.20500多个木炭碎片，分析了44种不同的分类群。来自落叶栎的木是最常见的，虽然其他出株植物如Fraxinus sp等。，fabaceae，salix sp。，prunus sp。，rosaceae maloideae和castanea sativa也相关。木材收集和在Pyres中使用的主要标准可能是该地区的可用性，尽管象征因素不能被丢弃。来自Fagus Sylvatica和Pinus Sylvestris的木材的证据，允许讨论木质流域区域的范围。在样品中还鉴定了407个剩余的水果和种子遗骸，包括Juglans Regia坚果，种子和Pinus Pinea的果实壳， Prunus Avium，P.Meturana和P. Persica，国内脉冲的子宫和Cupressus Sempervirens水果的碎片。这些遗体与罗马火葬仪式的象征性和仪式方面有关。通过审查罗马帝国的古典文学来源和其他网站的数据，根据其在罗马火葬的仪式过程中的已知使用来解释和上下文。

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《Quaternary International》 |2021年第20期|372-383|共12页
作者
Vaz Filipe Costa; Braga Cristina; Tereso Joao Pedro; Oliveira Claudia; Carretero Lara Gonzalez; Detry Cleia; Marcos Bruno; Fontes Luis; Martins Manuela;
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Univ Porto Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources CIBIO Porto Portugal|Univ Porto FLUP Fac Arts Porto Portugal;

Univ Minho Univ Minho UAUM Archaeol Unit Landscape Heritage & Terr Lab Lab2PT Braga Portugal;

Univ Porto Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources CIBIO Porto Portugal|Univ Lisbon Archaeol Ctr UNIARQ Lisbon Portugal;

Univ Porto Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources CIBIO Porto Portugal|Univ Lorraine Interdisciplinary Lab Continental Environm Nancy France;

Museum London Archaeol MOLA Dept Sci Res British Museum London England;

Univ Lisbon Archaeol Ctr UNIARQ Lisbon Portugal|Univ Lisbon Archaeol Ctr UNIARQ Sch Arts Lisbon Portugal;

Univ Porto Res Ctr Biodivers & Genet Resources CIBIO Porto Portugal;

Univ Minho Univ Minho UAUM Archaeol Unit Landscape Heritage & Terr Lab Lab2PT Braga Portugal|Univ Minho Social Sci Inst ICS Braga Portugal;

Univ Minho Univ Minho UAUM Archaeol Unit Landscape Heritage & Terr Lab Lab2PT Braga Portugal|Univ Minho Social Sci Inst ICS Braga Portugal;

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正文语种 eng
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Bracara Augusta; Roman period; Rituals; Cremations; Archaeobotany;

机译：Bracara Augusta;罗马时期;仪式;火葬;archaeobotany;

Food for the dead, fuel for the pyre: symbolism and function of plant remains in provincial Roman cremation rituals in the necropolis of Bracara Augusta (NW Iberia)

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