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首页> 外文期刊>Geografia Fisica e Dinamica Quaternaria >ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS IN THE RUHR DISTRICT (GERMANY): A CONTRIBUTION TO ANTHROPOGEOMORPHOLOGY IN A FORMER MINING REGION
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ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS IN THE RUHR DISTRICT (GERMANY): A CONTRIBUTION TO ANTHROPOGEOMORPHOLOGY IN A FORMER MINING REGION

机译：鲁尔区（德国）的人为因素影响：对以前矿区的人类地貌学的贡献

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摘要

The Ruhr District, formerly the major industrial region in the west-em part of Germany, extending over parts of the northern lowlands (Westphalian Bight) and the southern highlands (Suederbergland), was dominated by coal mines and steel mills from the second half of the 19th century to the end of the 20th century. Different landforms have emerged from man's direct and indirect impact. The most important are waste heaps with a total mass of 35.9 million tons in 1989. A widespread geo-morphological feature from man's indirect impact is mining subsidence with a total volume between 4 and 7.2 km~3 as estimated by Bell & alii (2000), resulting in a calculated annual lowering rate of 4.7 mm and 8.5 mm, resp. This rates exceed the denudation rate caused by suspended load discharge in a river catchment of a hill country by two magnitudes. Furthermore, channelization of the whole Emscher river catchment represents an early measure against flooding and to conduct wastewater in open channels. Earth materials were moved to excavate a deep incised channel bed as well as to build dikes in mining subsidence areas. Coal mining waste heaps and lakes caused by mining subsidence are often landscaped and turned into nature reserves with recreation areas.
机译：鲁尔区（Ruhr District）是德国西部最主要的工业区，延伸至北部低地（Westphalian Bight）和南部高地（Suederbergland）的部分地区，从下半年开始一直由煤矿和钢铁厂主导从19世纪到20世纪末。人类直接和间接的影响已经形成了不同的地貌。最重要的是1989年的垃圾堆，总质量为3590万吨。人类间接影响的广泛地貌特征是开采沉陷，根据Bell＆alii（2000）的估计，开采沉陷总量在4到7.2 km〜3之间。 ，计算得出的年下降率分别为4.7毫米和8.5毫米。该比率比丘陵地区河流集水区中的悬浮负荷放电引起的剥蚀率高两个数量级。此外，整个Emscher流域的渠道化是防洪和在明渠中进行废水处理的早期措施。土方物料被移动以开挖一个深切的河床层，并在采矿塌陷区建造堤防。采矿塌陷引起的煤矿废物堆和湖泊经常被美化，并变成具有休闲区的自然保护区。

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