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Runes: A Handbook

机译：符文：手册

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摘要

Runes are often considered magical symbols of mystery and power. Even the index to the dry-as-dust current edition of the abridged schedules (14th) to the Dewey Decimal Classification has just the one entry: "Runes - Divination, 133.3". Runes are, in fact, one of many alphabetical forms of writing. Although mostly associated with the various Germanic languages, principally Anglo-Saxon and Scandinavian versions, they have also been used for Latin, Hebrew and Greek. Indeed, given a font of runic symbols (and I am impressed how well the typesetter has coped with all these spidery matchstick figures) this review could be written in runes! Derived from Mediterranean prototypes, runic inscription carved into stone, wood, bone, metal and other hard surfaces range from memorials to the dead, through Christian prayers and everyday messages, to crude graffiti. First reliably attested in the second century CE, runes were eventually supplanted by the Roman alphabet, though they continued to be used in Scandinavia until the fifteenth century.
机译：符文通常被认为是神秘和力量的神奇象征。甚至杜威十进制分类法的摘要表（第14版）的干燥粉尘当前版本索引也只有一个条目：“符文-占卜，133.3”。符文实际上是许多字母形式的书写形式之一。尽管它们主要与各种日耳曼语相关，主要是盎格鲁-撒克逊语和斯堪的纳维亚语，但它们也已用于拉丁语，希伯来语和希腊语。确实，给定了符文符号的字体（而我印象深刻的是，排字员对付所有这些蜘蛛状火柴棍人物的能力），这篇评论可以用符文来写！从地中海原型衍生而来的符文铭文刻在石头，木头，骨头，金属和其他坚硬的表面上，从纪念馆到死者，再到基督教徒祈祷和日常消息，再到粗制涂鸦。公元2世纪首次可靠地证明了符文，尽管直到15世纪斯堪的纳维亚半岛仍继续使用它们，但最终还是被罗马字母所取代。

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