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首页> 外文期刊>Regional Environmental Change >Impact of urbanization on basin hydrology: a case study of the Malir Basin, Karachi, Pakistan
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Impact of urbanization on basin hydrology: a case study of the Malir Basin, Karachi, Pakistan

机译：城市化对流域水文学的影响：以巴基斯坦卡拉奇的马里尔盆地为例

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Karachi, the biggest city of Pakistan, has undergone various urban sprawls due to its continuously growing population that has severely affected its natural drainage pattern. The city had an extensive natural drainage system which has now lost its original form. This study investigated the blockages and their causes during the last two decades in one of the city's riverbeds-Malir. Moreover, the extent of floods identifying the vulnerability of the watershed's urban area after major rainfall events was modeled. The geospatial techniques and satellite images of Landsat 5, 7, and 8 were used to analyze the changes in land use and land cover (LULC) of the Malir Basin. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model and topographic sheets of 1975 were utilized to delineate the natural drainage network and streambeds of the basin using geographical information system (GIS) tools. Historical rainfall data from 1985 to 2014 were acquired from the Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) to simulate runoff using the US Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC-HMS and HEC-GeoHMS). The flood modeling was done using the River Analysis System (HEC-RAS and GeoRAS). Rainfall-runoff simulations and flood extent and depth of five major rainfall events-1992, 2003, 2007, 2009, and 2013-were modeled in this study. GIS overlay analysis combined the LULC, riverbed, and drainage line layers to identify the blocked area and to quantify the specific LULCs that were causing blockages in the riverbed. Several maps, which are prepared in this study, show the parts of the river with altered drainage patterns in 2013 from what existed back in 1975.
机译：卡拉奇是巴基斯坦最大的城市，由于其人口不断增长严重影响了其自然排水模式，它经历了各种城市蔓延。该市拥有广泛的自然排水系统，如今已经失去了原有的形式。这项研究调查了过去二十年来该城市河床之一Malil中的堵塞及其成因。此外，还对洪灾的程度进行了建模，以识别重大降雨事件之后流域市区的脆弱性。利用Landsat 5、7和8的地理空间技术和卫星图像分析了马里尔盆地的土地利用和土地覆盖（LULC）的变化。利用航天飞机雷达地形任务（SRTM）数字高程模型和1975年的地形图，使用地理信息系统（GIS）工具来描绘流域的自然排水网络和河床。 1985年至2014年的历史降雨数据是从巴基斯坦气象局（PMD）获得的，以使用美国水文工程中心的水文建模系统（HEC-HMS和HEC-GeoHMS）来模拟径流。使用河流分析系统（HEC-RAS和GeoRAS）进行洪水建模。在本研究中，对1992年，2003年，2007年，2009年和2013年这5个主要降雨事件的降雨径流模拟以及洪水范围和深度进行了建模。 GIS覆盖分析结合了LULC，河床和排水线层，以识别阻塞区域并量化导致河床阻塞的特定LULC。在这项研究中准备的几张地图显示了从1975年开始存在的河流中2013年排水方式发生了变化的部分。

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