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The Brazilian Forest Code and riparian preservation areas: spatiotemporal analysis and implications for hydrological ecosystem services

机译：巴西森林法和河岸保护区：时空分析及其对水文生态系统服务的影响

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摘要

The Brazilian Forest Code (BFC) requires the preservation and restoration of forests in riparian preservation areas (RPAs). The total area in RPAs and the impacts of changes in the BFC on RPA requirements are uncertain due to lack of clarity about how RPAs are defined in practice. We reconstruct the history of the RPA rule, use a recent cadastral database (CAR) of the state of Rondonia to quantify the area of RPA by stream size and to document the impact of the 2012 changes in RPA requirements, and review the literature on hydrological ecosystem services (HES) in light of RPA rules. We find that most (64%) of the area in RPAs in the state of Rondonia was illegally deforested by 2017, and the 2012 regulations require restoration of only half of that cleared area. Most of the RPA is located along small streams (< 10 m wide) that were typically missing in previous assessments. As of 2017, 66% of the RPA along small streams was deforested, while most (70-95%) RPA along large streams (> 200 m wide) was forested. Current restoration requirements (5 m regardless of stream width) for very small properties (< 60 ha) are likely inadequate to restore HES. Preservation of forest along large streams remains important, but policy and management should also emphasize the preservation and restoration of forest along small streams because they account for most of the riparian preservation area, with important implications for humans and ecosystems.
机译：巴西森林法规（BFC）要求在河岸保护区（RPA）中保护和恢复森林。 RPA的总面积以及BFC的变化对RPA要求的影响尚不确定，因为在实践中对RPA的定义缺乏明确性。我们重建RPA规则的历史，使用朗多尼亚州的最新地籍数据库（CAR）通过河流大小量化RPA面积，并记录2012年RPA要求变更的影响，并回顾有关水文学的文献根据RPA规则的生态系统服务（HES）。我们发现，到2017年，朗多尼亚州RPA中的大部分地区（64％）被非法砍伐森林，而2012年的法规仅要求恢复该砍伐面积的一半。大部分RPA都位于以前评估中通常遗漏的小溪（<10 m宽）上。截至2017年，小溪RPA的66％被砍伐，而大溪流（> 200 m宽）的RPA大部分（70-95％）被砍伐。对于很小的属性（<60公顷），当前的恢复要求（无论河流宽度如何，均为5 m）可能不足以恢复HES。大河沿岸的森林保护仍然很重要，但是政策和管理也应强调小河沿岸的森林的保护和恢复，因为它们占了河岸保护区的大部分，对人类和生态系统具有重要意义。

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