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Water security for northern peoples: review of threats to Arctic freshwater systems in Nunavut, Canada

机译：北方人民的水安全：回顾加拿大努纳武特地区对北极淡水系统的威胁

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摘要

Water is a fundamental component of the ecological integrity, economic development, and sustainability of northern regions, as well as the health and well-being of northerners. However, environmental change has altered fragile thermodynamic relationships of northern ecosystems by shifting seasonal transitions, altering precipitation regimes, reducing snow and ice cover, and increasing exposure to solar radiation. This has exacerbated existing pressures on freshwater supply that have arisen from increased resource development, inappropriate or inadequate infrastructure, population stress, erosion of Indigenous knowledge systems and culture, and inadequate policy and management. Since water governance systems in northern Canada are under rapid evolution, we examine key vulnerabilities to both the quantity of accessible freshwater and the quality of available freshwater resources for communities in Nunavut, Arctic Canada, within a water security framework. While the concept of water security is often approached from a human-centred perspective, we note the importance of integrating a biophysical perspective. We also compare information and experiences of the other northern regions to assess how water security is conceptualized and addressed across northern Canada, identifying biophysical and social vulnerabilities as well as implications for governance and adaptation.
机译：水是北部地区生态完整性，经济发展和可持续性以及北部人健康和福祉的基本组成部分。然而，环境变化通过改变季节性转变，改变降水方式，减少冰雪覆盖以及增加对太阳辐射的暴露，改变了北部生态系统脆弱的热力学关系。这加剧了因资源开发增加，基础设施不适当或不足，人口压力，土著知识系统和文化受到侵蚀以及政策和管理不足而对淡水供应造成的现有压力。由于加拿大北部的水治理系统正在快速发展，因此我们在水安全框架内研究了加拿大北极地区努纳武特社区可利用的淡水量和可用淡水资源质量的关键漏洞。虽然通常从以人为本的角度来探讨水安全的概念，但我们注意到整合生物物理观点的重要性。我们还比较了其他北部地区的信息和经验，以评估加拿大北部地区如何将水安全概念化和解决，确定生物物理和社会脆弱性以及对治理和适应的影响。

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