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首页> 外文期刊>Regional Environmental Change >Legitimacy, access, and the gridlock of tiger conservation: lessons from Melghat and the history of central India
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Legitimacy, access, and the gridlock of tiger conservation: lessons from Melghat and the history of central India

机译：老虎保护的合法性，可及性和僵局：来自梅尔加特和印度中部历史的教训

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摘要

Though tiger conservationists almost ubiquitously acknowledge the necessity of landscape approaches and the involvement of local people for effective tiger conservation, reconciling these two needs presents certain challenges for practitioners. Seeking to address both local exigencies and conservation goals, state-sponsored ecodevelopment initiatives have become commonly associated with Project Tiger reserves in India. However, in this essay I argue that by focusing on the proximate sources of tension between tiger conservation and local people (i.e., human-tiger conflict, habitat degradation, and prey depletion), these programs have reinforced the ultimate causes of such tension: the structural inequalities that exists between local people and state organizations. By linking the historical literature with my own fieldwork in the Melghat Tiger Reserve of the Central Indian Highlands, I show how the current structure of ecodevelopment largely mirrors that of colonial forestry by attempting to enforce natural resource property rights in a way that privileges the state and delegitimizes local relational mechanisms of access to natural resources. In doing so, ecodevelopment reflects the political structure that facilitated the rise of conflicts between tigers and people and reinforces the "gridlock of tiger conservation" (Rastogi et al. 2012). With this political ecology perspective, I advocate solidarity between conservation practitioners, local people, and state organizations in addressing these structural problems to further conservation efforts. Emphasizing co-management's ability to accommodate multi-scalar forms of authority, I end by offering three lessons for conservation from Melghat's experience with colonial forestry and ecodevelopment.
机译：尽管老虎保护主义者几乎无处不在地承认采用景观方法的必要性以及当地人民参与有效的老虎保护的必要性，但要使这两种需求协调一致，对从业人员仍构成一定挑战。为了解决当地的紧急情况和保护目标，国家资助的生态发展计划已与印度的老虎计划保护区普遍联系在一起。但是，在本文中，我认为，通过关注老虎保护与当地居民之间最近的紧张根源（即人与老虎的冲突，栖息地退化和猎物耗竭），这些计划加强了造成这种紧张关系的最终原因：地方人民与国家组织之间存在的结构性不平等。通过将历史文献与我自己在中印第安高地的梅尔加特老虎保护区的野外工作联系起来，我展示了当前的生态发展结构在很大程度上试图通过以赋予国家和国家特权的方式执行自然资源产权来大致反映殖民地林业的结构。使获取自然资源的地方关系机制合法化。这样做，生态发展反映了促进老虎与人之间冲突加剧的政治结构，并加强了“老虎保护的僵局”（Rastogi等人，2012）。基于这种政治生态学的观点，我主张保护从业人员，当地人民和国家组织之间的团结，以解决这些结构性问题，以进一步促进保护工作。在强调共同管理的能力以适应多尺度形式的权威时，我最后从麦尔加特（Melghat）在殖民地林业和生态发展方面的经验中提供了三节保护课程。

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