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首页> 外文期刊>Regional Environmental Change >Human encroachment into protected area networks in Zambia: implications for large carnivore conservation
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Human encroachment into protected area networks in Zambia: implications for large carnivore conservation

机译：人类入侵赞比亚保护区网络：对大型食肉动物保护的影响

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Large carnivores are declining globally, with strong direct and indirect ecological impacts on protected area networks (PANs). Human encroachment on ecosys­tems is a global threat for large carnivores, particularly in savanna Africa, where increasing human resource demands continue to degrade the connectivity and viability PANs. Zambia has a regionally significant role in large carnivore conservation, given that it borders eight countries, includes three transfrontier conservation areas (TFCAs), and man­ages nearly 40 % of its land for wildlife. Deforestation in general and encroachment in particular are recognized problems in Zambian natural resource management. However, specific impacts on PANs are poorly understood owing to a lack of adequate mapping of encroachment, deriving from widespread difficulty in mapping cultivation and clearing in fire-prone savannas, and severe inaccuracy in several previous land cover data sets. Using simple manual interpretation of diverse and carefully chosen remote sensing imagery, we evaluated land use change from 1965 to 2011 in Zambia, primarily in the Luangwa Valley. We found widespread encroachment extending toward national parks from major roads as fast as 2 km/ year and averaging 18 hectares per hour of daylight throughout a 159,805 km~2 study area, eliminating desig­nated buffer zones in some areas, decreasing connectivity, and potentially eliminating viable TFCAs. At current rates, Zambia's PANs would be expected to be reduced into small isolated pockets primarily centered on national parks, with substantial human edge effects threatening the via­bility of wildlife populations in the region, particularly wide-ranging, low density, and threatened large carnivores such as African wild dogs, cheetah, and lion. It is thus critical that encroachment is accurately mapped across the entire region and that land use plans are developed, implemented, revised where necessary, and enforced with strong governmental support, enabling protection of these areas and the communities that depend upon them.
机译：大型食肉动物正在全球范围内减少，对保护区网络（PANs）产生直接或间接的强烈生态影响。人类对生态系统的侵犯是大型食肉动物的全球威胁，特别是在热带稀树草原，那里对人力资源的需求不断增加，这继续削弱连接性和生存能力。赞比亚与八个国家接壤，包括三个跨界保护区（TFCAs），并管理着其近40％的土地用于野生动植物，因此在大型食肉动物保护中具有区域性重要作用。在赞比亚自然资源管理中，普遍认为森林砍伐，尤其是森林砍伐是公认的问题。但是，由于缺乏对侵占的充分测绘，而对易受攻击的稀树草原进行耕种和清理的测绘工作普遍存在困难，并且在先前的几个土地覆盖数据集中存在严重的误差，因此对PANs的具体影响知之甚少。通过对各种精心挑选的遥感影像进行简单的人工解释，我们评估了1965年至2011年间赞比亚（主要是卢安瓜河谷）土地利用的变化。我们发现，在159,805 km〜2的研究区域中，从主要道路到国家公园的入侵速度高达每年2 km /年，平均每小时每小时18公顷的日照，在某些区域消除了指定的缓冲区，降低了连通性，并可能消除了可行的条件。 TFCA。按照目前的速度，预计赞比亚的PANs将减少到主要以国家公园为中心的孤立的小口袋中，巨大的人为影响将威胁该地区野生动植物种群的生存，特别是范围广，密度低，并威胁诸如此类的大型食肉动物。作为非洲野狗，猎豹和狮子。因此，至关重要的是，应在整个区域内准确地绘制出土地侵占的图景，并在必要时制定，实施，修订土地使用计划，并在政府的大力支持下予以执行，从而能够保护这些地区和依赖它们的社区。

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