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Legitimate adaptive flood risk governance beyond the dikes:the cases of Hamburg, Helsinki and Rotterdam

机译：堤防之外的合法的自适应洪水风险治理：汉堡，赫尔辛基和鹿特丹的案例

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It has recently been recommended that a shift from traditional flood prevention to more adaptive strategies is made, focusing on the reduction in and recovery from flood impacts as a means to improve resilience to climate impacts. This shift has had implications for the public-private divide in adaptive flood risk governance. In an urban context, it means that private actors such as developers and residents come into play, necessitating governance arrangements which cross the public-private divide. The division of responsibilities for water safety between the public and private sectors affects the way legitimacy is gained for these arrangements and raises new legitimacy issues. The paper offers an analysis of public and private responsibilities in adaptive flood risk governance arrangements, as well as of the legitimacy of the arrangements in the light of the public-private divide. A comparative case study is presented for three urban regeneration projects in un-embanked areas in Hamburg, Germany, Helsinki, Finland, and Rotterdam, the Netherlands, where adaptive strategies have been applied. The results show that network arrangements with joint public- private responsibilities use direct forms of participation and deliberation, but that these do not necessarily lead to more legitimate arrangements in the eyes of stakeholders as is often suggested in the literature. Both network and more public hierarchical arrangements can be perceived as quite legitimate under certain conditions.
机译：最近，建议从传统的防洪策略转变为更具适应性的策略，重点是减少和减轻洪灾影响，以此作为提高抵御气候影响能力的一种手段。这种转变对适应性洪水风险治理中的公私鸿沟产生了影响。在城市环境中，这意味着诸如开发商和居民之类的私人行为体会发挥作用，这就需要跨越公私鸿沟的治理安排。公共部门和私营部门之间水安全责任的划分影响了这些安排获得合法性的方式，并提出了新的合法性问题。本文对适应性洪水风险治理安排中的公共和私人责任进行了分析，并根据公私分立对安排的合法性进行了分析。针对在德国汉堡，芬兰赫尔辛基和荷兰鹿特丹等未河岸地区的三个城市更新项目，进行了比较案例研究，这些项目已应用了自适应策略。结果表明，具有公共和私人共同责任的网络安排采用直接参与和审议的形式，但是这些安排并不一定像文献中经常提到的那样导致在利益相关者眼中更合法的安排。在某些条件下，网络和更多公共层次结构安排都可以视为完全合法。

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