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首页> 外文期刊>Regional Environmental Change >Farmer typology, future scenarios and the implications for ecosystem service provision: a case study from south-eastern Spain
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Farmer typology, future scenarios and the implications for ecosystem service provision: a case study from south-eastern Spain

机译：农民类型，未来情景及其对生态系统服务提供的影响：以西班牙东南部为例

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Farming communities are increasingly expected to manage their agricultural activities in ways that ensure sustainable flows of a wide range of ecosystem services for society. The land use and management choices that farmers make are dependent upon their socio-economic characteristics and background, and in turn have important implications for the landscape and associated ecosystem services. Thus, a better understanding about the linkages between the characteristics of farmers, farm management and land use is important for managing multifunctional agro-ecosystems. In this paper, we first develop a typology of farmers for Torrealvilla catchment in Murcia, Spain, according to the characteristics of their households and farm management (e.g. the farmer's age, household income, water access, land tenure and farm labour). This analysis distinguishes six types of farmers. Secondly, we analyse the link between farmer typology and the farmers' responses to a number of scenarios. The scenarios describe different likely changes to agriculture in the catchment in terms of environmental constraints (irrigation water availability and rainfall pattern) and environmental policy regulation (water taxation and subsidies). This exercise enables us to explore the range of future land use changes that are likely to occur in the study area. The results indicate that: rain-fed agriculture is expected to experience gradual but extensive abandonment; vegetable/ fruit farming and pig/animal rearing are likely to stagnate or even decline; and growing of grapes is likely to expand. Thirdly, we qualitatively evaluate how future land use changes are likely to affect key ecosystem services in the study area including future agricultural production and associated local income generation, erosion control, maintenance of the groundwater table and various cultural services associated with a heterogeneous agro-ecosystem. Particular changes such as expansion of grape production will increase food production and local income at the cost of further depletion of the aquifer and increased risk of salinisation. The outcomes of the study highlight that, to be effective, the design of agri-environmental schemes and other government interventions (e.g. specific compulsory regulations on farming practices and associated water use) should carefully take into account the characteristics of the farmers within the area of interest, their land uses and the possible diversity of responses to policy and environmental drivers. Opportunities exist for future studies quantifying the extent of the impacts of ecosystem service provision through formal models combining farmers' land use decision-making and spatially explicit modelling of landscape processes.
机译：人们日益期望农业社区以确保为社会提供广泛的生态系统服务可持续流动的方式来管理其农业活动。农民做出的土地使用和管理选择取决于他们的社会经济特征和背景，进而对景观和相关的生态系统服务产生重要影响。因此，更好地了解农民特征，农场管理和土地利用之间的联系对于管理多功能农业生态系统很重要。在本文中，我们首先根据西班牙家庭的特征和农场管理（例如农民的年龄，家庭收入，水的获取，土地使用权和农场劳动）为西班牙穆尔西亚的Torrealvilla流域的农民建立了分类学。该分析区分了六种农民。其次，我们分析了农民类型学与农民对多种情景的反应之间的联系。这些情景从环境限制（灌溉用水和降雨模式）和环境政策法规（水税和补贴）的角度描述了流域农业的不同可能变化。此练习使我们能够探索研究区域可能发生的未来土地利用变化的范围。结果表明：雨养农业有望逐步但广泛地被放弃；蔬菜/水果种植和猪/动物饲养可能停滞甚至下降；葡萄的种植可能会扩大。第三，我们定性评估未来土地用途的变化可能如何影响研究区域的关键生态系统服务，包括未来农业生产和相关的当地创收，水土流失控制，地下水位维持以及与异质农业生态系统相关的各种文化服务。诸如扩大葡萄产量之类的特殊变化将以进一步消耗含水层和增加盐碱化风险为代价，增加粮食产量和当地收入。研究结果强调，为有效起见，设计农业环境计划和其他政府干预措施（例如，关于耕作方式和相关用水的特定强制性法规）应仔细考虑该地区农民的特征。利益，土地用途以及对政策和环境驱动因素的反应的多样性。通过将农民土地使用决策和景观过程的空间显式建模相结合的正式模型，可以对未来的研究进行量化生态系统服务提供影响程度的机会。

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