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Swedish nutrient reduction policies: an evaluation of cost-effectiveness

机译：瑞典减少营养素政策：成本效益评估

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摘要

Since more than 30 years, the Swedish government as well as other governments in the drainage basin strives toward a reduction in nutrient loads to Baltic Sea coastal waters in order to combat eutrophication of the sea. In spite of this, the cost-effectiveness of actual environmental policy for meeting Baltic Sea nutrient targets has not been evaluated by national or international bodies in the region. The aim of this paper is to evaluate Swedish national nitrogen and phosphorus policies with regard to cost-effectiveness. This is done through a comparison of nutrient measures implemented through environmental policy decisions 1995-2005 with cost-effective policies for present national as well as Baltic Sea Action Plan (BSAP) targets. The cost-effective measures are calculated using an empirical programming model including all countries adjacent to the Baltic Sea. Calculations show that measures that jointly reduce nitrogen and phosphorus are hardly applied in actual policy and that reductions in the agricultural sector are much smaller than is cost-effective. Data show, surprisingly, that considerable reductions have been carried out in the Bothnian Sea catchment in spite of there being no nutrient reduction target for this catchment. Results suggest also that the Swedish costs for meeting the new and geographically more restricted targets under the BSAP can be reduced if a policy with less restrictions on the location of phosphorus abatement is applied, compared to what is now suggested.
机译：30多年来，瑞典政府以及流域中的其他政府一直在努力减少波罗的海沿岸水域的营养负荷，以对抗海洋的富营养化。尽管如此，该地区的国家或国际机构尚未评估实现波罗的海营养目标的实际环境政策的成本效益。本文的目的是评估瑞典国家氮磷政策的成本效益。这是通过将1995-2005年环境政策决定中实施的营养措施与当前国家以及波罗的海行动计划（BSAP）目标的经济有效政策进行比较来实现的。使用经验规划模型（包括与波罗的海相邻的所有国家）来计算成本有效的措施。计算表明，在实际政策中几乎没有采取联合减少氮和磷的措施，而农业部门的减少量远小于具有成本效益的措施。令人惊讶的是，数据表明，尽管该流域没有减少营养的目标，但在波特尼亚海流域已进行了相当大的减少。结果还表明，与目前所建议的相比，如果实施对磷消减地点的限制较少的政策，则可以降低瑞典在BSAP下实现新的且在地理上受到更多限制的目标的成本。

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