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Medieval London and its supply hinterlands Derek Keene

机译：中世纪的伦敦及其腹地Derek Keene

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The essay reviews the impact of London's demands for food, drink and fuel on the farming systems and specialisation in the regions from which it drew supplies. Focusing on the well-recorded period around 1,300, when London was a major but second-ranking European city, it makes comparisons with other European cities in the same period and with London in later centuries, as the city developed a world role. Despite its small size by modern standards, medieval London's impact on its hinterland was distinct, dynamic, highly commercialised and extensive. It shaped rural landscapes and agrarian practices in ways which in key respects conform to modern theories of spatial specialisation. London's environmental influence operated within an international context, where the opening up of distant resources could affect choices concerning specialisation in and close to the city. Demographic change and shifts in consumption arising from changing standards of living were also influential. This left a marked 'urban footprint' in production, marketing and the generation of waste. Moreover, its distinctive political context influenced London's attitude towards managing its supply chains, differentiating it from many of its European counterparts. Medieval observers recognised those landscapes and their connection with the city, but did not theorise them in present-day terms.
机译：这篇文章回顾了伦敦对食物，饮料和燃料的需求对农业系统以及该地区的供应来源的影响。着眼于记录良好的大约1300年，当时伦敦是欧洲主要但排名第二的城市，它与同期的其他欧洲城市以及后来的几个世纪的伦敦在世界范围内的地位进行了比较。尽管按现代标准衡量，伦敦的面积很小，但中世纪的伦敦对其腹地的影响却是鲜明，充满活力，高度商业化和广泛的。它以重要方面符合现代空间专业化理论的方式塑造了乡村景观和农业实践。伦敦的环境影响是在国际背景下运作的，在该背景下，开放遥远的资源可能会影响有关城市及其附近专业化的选择。生活水平变化引起的人口变化和消费变化也有影响。这在生产，销售和废物产生方面留下了明显的“城市足迹”。此外，伦敦独特的政治环境影响了伦敦对供应链管理的态度，使伦敦与许多欧洲同行区别开来。中世纪的观察者认识到了这些景观及其与城市的联系，但没有以当今的观点对其进行理论化。

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