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首页> 外文期刊>Regional Environmental Change >The Danube and Vienna: urban resource use, transport and land use 1800-1910
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The Danube and Vienna: urban resource use, transport and land use 1800-1910

机译：多瑙河和维也纳：城市资源利用，交通和土地利用1800-1910

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摘要

In this article, we investigate the changing role of the Danube river in relation to urban resource use, transport and land use for the case of nineteenth and early twentieth century Vienna. Vienna makes a good case study due to its geographical position as a continental city and its dynamic development of population numbers and transport infrastructure in the nineteenth century. We trace the amount of energy used in the city and identify a shift from a biomass-based energy supply to the large-scale use of coal. Along with this shift went a change in the Danube's role as transport route: while until the 1870s, the Danube was the most important freight transport route, river transport lost importance after the great Danube regulation in 1875, and the railway took over. The river was the most important route for providing fuel wood well into the nineteenth century: Vienna drew wood from remote areas situated upstream along the Danube to the West of the city. Only after the railway connection to Northern coal deposits in the 1850s could Vienna's energy base shift to coal. Finally, we investigate how land use in the city was affected by resource consumption and the river regulation. Wood use around the city was subject to legislative protection and was only little affected by Vienna's resource demand. On the other hand, the Danube river regulation heavily impacted urban land use by supplying new areas suitable for settlement expansion.
机译：在本文中，我们研究了19世纪和20世纪初维也纳多瑙河在城市资源利用，运输和土地利用方面的变化作用。维也纳因其作为大陆性城市的地理位置以及19世纪人口数量和交通基础设施的动态发展而成为一个很好的案例研究。我们追踪了该城市的能源使用量，并确定了从基于生物质的能源供应向大规模使用煤炭的转变。随着这一转变，多瑙河的运输路线也发生了变化：直到1870年代，多瑙河才是最重要的货运路线，但由于1875年多瑙河的重大管制，内河运输失去了重要地​​位，铁路接管了。这条河是向十九世纪提供薪柴的最重要途径：维也纳从多瑙河上游偏远地区向城市西部汲取木材。只有在1850年代与北部煤炭矿床的铁路连接之后，维也纳的能源基础才能转向煤炭。最后，我们研究了城市的土地使用如何受到资源消耗和河流管制的影响。维也纳周围的木材使用受到立法保护，而维也纳的资源需求几乎没有受到影响。另一方面，多瑙河河道提供了适合定居点扩展的新区域，从而严重影响了城市土地利用。

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