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首页> 外文期刊>Regional Environmental Change >Land-use legacies in the forest structure of silvopastoral oak woodlands in the Eastern Mediterranean
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Land-use legacies in the forest structure of silvopastoral oak woodlands in the Eastern Mediterranean

机译：地中海东部森林牧草橡木林地森林结构中的土地利用遗留物

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Eastern Mediterranean silvopastoral oak woodlands have been greatly damaged through forest conversion, illegal lumbering, overgrazing, and forest fires. The aim of this study was to assess land-use changes and the legacies that they have imprinted on the forest structure of Quercus macrolepis and accompanying Quercus pubescens and Quercus cerris woodlands on Lesvos Island, Greece. The size structures of adult oak populations were analyzed as indicators of long-term oak regeneration, while short-term recruitment was determined by counting oak seedlings and saplings. The size structure of the adult Q. macrolepis population was similar to the inverse J-shaped distribution typical for natural Mediterranean oak forests, indicating continuous recruitment with a constant mortality rate of mature individuals. Seedling and sapling densities were highly variable, but generally low in relation to adult oak densities. Recruitment of oak seedlings and saplings was positively related to determinants such as forest cover, adult oak density and basal area, woody plant richness, and litter cover. Both seedling and sapling occurrence were negatively associated with dung frequency, which suggests that sheep grazing imposes a barrier to oak recruitment. The study outlines a comprehensive land-use transition from the 1950 to 1970s, during which a complex and multifunctional ag-rosilvopastoral land-use system was simplified to an intensive grazing system. The discrepancy between the successful long-term regeneration and the less successful short-term recruitment of oaks illustrates that intensified livestock grazing has been a major driver of vegetation change. Grazing impact is likely to interact with increasing drought conditions, which may trigger a negative feedback cycle that undermines the capacity of woodlands to sustain ecosystem services.
机译：通过改建森林，非法伐木，过度放牧和森林大火，地中海东部的森林牧林橡木林地受到了严重破坏。这项研究的目的是评估土地使用的变化及其对希腊栎和与其相关的栎木和栎木林地的森林结构的影响。分析了成年橡树种群的大小结构，作为长期橡树再生的指标，而通过计算橡树幼苗和树苗来确定短期补充。成年Q. macrolepis种群的大小结构与天然地中海橡树林典型的J型倒数分布相似，这表明成熟个体的死亡率持续不变。幼苗和树苗的密度变化很大，但相对于成年橡木的密度通常较低。橡树幼苗和树苗的招聘与森林覆盖率，成年橡树密度和基础面积，木本植物丰富度以及凋落物覆盖率等因素成正相关。幼苗和幼树的发生均与粪便频率成负相关，这表明放牧绵羊对橡树的采伐形成了障碍。该研究概述了从1950年到1970年代的全面土地利用过渡，在此期间，将复杂而多功能的农用农林牧区土地利用系统简化为集约化放牧系统。成功的长期再生与不太成功的短期再生之间的差异表明，放牧的加剧是植被变化的主要驱动力。放牧的影响可能与干旱条件的加剧相互作用，这可能会引发负面反馈循环，从而破坏林地维持生态系统服务的能力。

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