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Adaptive capacity determinants in developed states: examples from the Nordic countries and Russia

机译：发达国家的适应能力决定因素：北欧国家和俄罗斯的例子

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摘要

Adaptive capacity in a community context has so far mainly been studied in developing countries as well as indigenous communities in the industrialised world. This article adds to that literature through reviewing studies undertaken in the Nordic countries and Russia, highlighting the ways in which general determinants of adaptive capacity play out in Northern, industrialised contexts. The paper illustrates that the determinants of adaptive capacity in industrialised states exhibit systematic differences from mixed subsistence-cash based communities such as those found in Arctic Canada. We discuss in particular the importance of economic resources in a market-based system, technological competition, and infrastructure, in determining adaptive capacity of natural resource-dependent communities in the Nordic countries and Russia. The paper also illustrates differences in adaptive capacity within the case study region, including between peripheral and central locations with regard to economic resources and diversification possibilities, and between Nordic and Russian cases with regard to infrastructure and technology access. The findings indicate that understanding of determinants of adaptive capacity in resource-dependent communities would benefit from both further contextualisation and broad comparison, across different types of political and administrative systems.
机译：到目前为止，主要是在发展中国家以及工业化世界中的土著社区中研究社区环境中的适应能力。本文通过回顾在北欧国家和俄罗斯进行的研究来增加文献资料，重点介绍适应能力的一般决定因素在北方工业化环境中发挥作用的方式。本文表明，工业化国家适应能力的决定因素与以混合生活现金为基础的社区（如加拿大北极地区）存在系统性差异。在确定北欧国家和俄罗斯自然资源依赖型社区的适应能力时，我们特别讨论了经济资源在基于市场的系统，技术竞争和基础设施中的重要性。本文还说明了案例研究区域内适应能力的差异，包括经济资源和多样化可能性方面的外围和中央地区之间的差异，以及基础设施和技术获取方面的北欧和俄罗斯案例之间的差异。研究结果表明，在不同类型的政治和行政系统中，对资源依赖型社区的适应能力决定因素的理解将受益于进一步的情境化和广泛的比较。

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