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Soil erosion tolerance and water runoff control: minimum environmental standards

机译：耐土壤侵蚀和径流控制：最低环境标准

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Council Regulations (EC) No 1257/1999 and the EU Soil Thematic Strategy give great importance to soil and land conservation to develop knowledge driven governance for rural development. In the hilly areas of Italy cultivated intensively, and especially in the ones devoted to viticulture, agricultural practices determine high loss of soil with consequent degradation of the soil resource. In addition to it, offsite effects of soil erosion can be unsustainable, due to sediment transfer to the channel network and infrastructures. In order to achieve a sustainable rural development there is a need for tools and instruments to allow European regional administrations, to develop, implement, manage and monitor rural development plans. To counteract the environmental threats intensified by agricultural activity, the environmental functions "soil erosion control" and "water runoff control" were investigated in the Chianti area by using GIS. To determine the EMR (Environmental Minimum Requirements) values for soil erosion the "regeneration" capability of soils was considered, and the value of estimated soil loss was compared with the value of soil reformation. A scenario analysis was also performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the agroenvironmental measure "grass cover" in reducing erosion. The concept of tolerable erosion based on soil productivity and soil reformation rate only is reductive and off-site effects of soil erosion should be also taken into account. For this reason, it was proposed to extend the concept of hydrogeological risk to soil erosion by implementing the notion of soil erosion tolerancern(7) with the new concept of environmental risk of soil erosion (ERSE). The new ERSE index takes into account all the in- and off-farm externalities of soil erosion. For this reason, it can be considered an aggregated environmental indicator that enables policy makers to evaluate the impacts of soil erosion by following an holistic approach.
机译：理事会法规（EC）1257/1999和欧盟土壤主题战略非常重视水土保持，以发展知识驱动的农村发展治理。在意大利集约耕作的丘陵地区，尤其是在葡萄栽培方面，农业实践决定了土壤的高度流失以及土壤资源的退化。除此之外，由于沉积物转移到河道网络和基础设施，土壤侵蚀的异地影响可能无法持续。为了实现可持续的农村发展，需要有工具和手段，以使欧洲区域政府能够制定，实施，管理和监督农村发展计划。为了应对农业活动加剧的环境威胁，使用GIS对基安蒂地区的环境功能“水土流失控制”和“水径流控制”进行了研究。为了确定土壤侵蚀的EMR（环境最低要求）值，考虑了土壤的“再生”能力，并将估计的土壤流失值与土壤改良值进行了比较。还进行了情景分析，以评估农业环境措施“草皮”在减少侵蚀方面的有效性。仅基于土壤生产力和土壤改良率的可容忍侵蚀的概念是减少性的，还应考虑土壤侵蚀的场外影响。因此，有人提出将水文地质风险的概念扩展到土壤侵蚀，方法是采用新的土壤侵蚀环境风险概念（ERSE）来实现土壤侵蚀耐受力rn（7）。新的ERSE指数考虑了农场内和农场外土壤侵蚀的所有外部因素。因此，可以将其视为综合的环境指标，使决策者能够通过采用整体方法来评估土壤侵蚀的影响。

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