Water level changes of Lake Nansi in East China during 1758-1902

Fei Jie; Pei Qing; Zhong Yuqi

摘要

Premodern water level observations are unique and effective sources of lake evolution research. Lake Nansi is a large shallow freshwater lake in East China, and its water level observation is among the earliest observations of reservoir and lake water levels in the world. It is composed of four connected lakes: Lakes Weishan, Zhaoyang, Nanyang, and Dushan. On the basis of premodern water level observations and historical documentary records, we reconstruct the water level changes of Lake Nansi on annual and decadal scales over the past 300 years and discuss their relationship with precipitation and the flooding of the Yellow River. A united lake, Lake Weishan-Zhaoyang-Nanyang, appeared in the late seventeenth century, and since then, the lake expanded northward in the following decades. The north boundary extended approximately 3 km during 1684-1755. It expanded significantly further north in 1851 and merged with Lake Dushan, thus forming the united Lake Nansi in 1871. Water level observations of Lake Nansi began in the middle eighteenth century, and regular monthly observations began in 1814, as a result of the drying up of Lake Nansi during 1810-1814 due to a prolonged drought. The purpose of water level observations of Lake Nansi was practical, i.e., to regulate the water supply and ensure the continuous transportation of goods along the Grand Canal. Lake Nansi was flooded by the Yellow River for seven times during 1758-1902. The flooding always resulted in very high water levels, including two prolonged extremely high water level events. The 1851-1855 event marked the highest water level of Lake Nansi, which resulted in a massive northward expansion of the lake. The 1871-1873 event resulted in the formation of the united Lake Nansi. The correlation between the water level of Lake Nansi and a dryness/wetness index in its drainage basin is significant, indicating that precipitation is a dominant factor regulating the water level. The correlation of water level changes between Lake Nansi and Lake Hongze is also significant. Overall, the water level observations of Lake Nansi have proven to be a very valuable archive of regional hydrology and precipitation changes.

机译：毛前水位观测是湖泊进化研究的独特且有效的来源。南岛湖是华东地区的一个大浅淡水湖，其水位观察是世界上最早的水库和湖泊水平的观察之一。它由四个连接的湖泊组成：湖泊威山，昭阳，南阳和杜山。在初级水位观察和历史纪录片记录的基础上，我们在过去300年中重建了Nansi Lake Nansi湖的水位变化，并与黄河的降水和洪水讨论了他们的关系。一个联合湖，卫洲湖 - 昭阳 - 南阳出现在十七世纪末，从那时起，湖泊在以下几十年中扩大了向北。北边界在1684-1755期间延长了大约3公里。它于1851年扩大了北方的北方，并与德申湖合并，从而在1871年形成了联合南部南纳。南省湖的水位观察开始于十八世纪中期，而定期的每月观察开始于1814年，这是干燥的由于延长的干旱，南都湖湖南部。 Nansi Lake Lake Nansi的水位观测目的是实用的，即调节供水，并确保沿着大运河的货物连续运输。在1758年至1902年，南岛湖被黄河淹没了七次。洪水总是导致水平很高，包括两个长期的极高水位事件。 1851-1855事件标志着南西湖的最高水平，导致湖泊北方膨胀。 1871年至1873年的活动导致了联合南南岛的形成。南部湖水水平与排水盆地中的干燥/湿润指数之间的相关性显着，表明沉淀是调节水位的主要因素。南尼湖与洪泽湖之间的水位变化的相关性也很重要。总体而言，南岛湖的水位观察已被证明是区域水文和降水变化的非常有价值的档案。

Water level changes of Lake Nansi in East China during 1758-1902

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