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Island-based catchment—The Taiwan example

机译：岛屿集水区-台湾的例子

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Rapid economic and industrial development in Taiwan over the past five decades has elevated the island's standing and earned it a place in the group known as the Four Small Dragons of Asia. Such growth, however, has been at the expense of the environment. There are currently nearly 23 million people juggling for space on the small island of 35,873 km2. Aggravating the matter further, the central mountain ranges and hills take up 73.6% of the land area with some 156 peaks surpassing 3,000 m. As a result, most people live in coastal plains which amount to only 9,490 km~2. Pressure to move people inland has led to road construction and deforestation, both of which have contributed to an already high denudation rate of topsoil. As a consequence of this, thirteen rivers in Taiwan are now ranked among the top 20 worldwide in terms of sediment yield. Aside from this, the frequency of both floods and droughts increased prior to 1990, perhaps because of deforestation and global warming. Fortunately, the new conservation-orientated forest management policy of 1991 has alleviated the problem, somewhat, and the occurrence of floods and droughts has since decreased. The problem of water shortage, however, has worsened because of the warming trend in atmospheric temperature. Damming may ameliorate the water shortage problem but may affect the shoreline stability, as well as the ecology and water quality in the estuaries. Furthermore, these detrimental effects may go far beyond the estuaries, and even fisheries on the continental shelves may be affected.
机译：在过去的五十年中，台湾经济和工业的飞速发展提高了台湾的地位，并使其跻身亚洲四小龙之列。但是，这种增长是以牺牲环境为代价的。在这个面积为35873平方公里的小岛上，目前有近2300万人在争夺太空。进一步加剧该问题的是，中央山脉和丘陵占据了土地面积的73.6％，其中有156个山峰超过3,000 m。结果，大多数人生活在仅9,490 km〜2的沿海平原上。迫使人们进入内陆的压力导致了道路建设和森林砍伐，这两者都导致表土的剥蚀率已经很高。因此，就沉积物产量而言，台湾目前有十三条河流位列全球前二十位。除此之外，1990年之前洪水和干旱的发生率都增加了，这可能是由于森林砍伐和全球变暖造成的。幸运的是，1991年新的以保护为导向的森林管理政策在一定程度上缓解了这一问题，此后减少了水灾和旱灾。但是，由于大气温度的升高趋势，缺水问题变得更加严重。筑坝可以缓解缺水问题，但可能会影响海岸线的稳定性以及河口的生态和水质。此外，这些有害影响可能远远超出河口，甚至大陆架上的渔业也可能受到影响。

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