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Do Urban Social Enterprises Benefit from Agglomeration? Evidence from Four UK Cities

机译：城市社会企业是否从集聚中受益？来自英国四个城市的证据

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PINCH S. and SUNLEY P. Do urban social enterprises benefit from agglomeration? Evidence from four UK cities, Regional Studies. This paper examines the relevance of clustering theory for an understanding of the location of social enterprises (SEs). This is accomplished through an analysis of the extent to which managers of SEs in four major UK cities perceive themselves to benefit from agglomeration effects. The paper concentrates on two broad sets of agglomeration processes: the first is Marshallian externalities and Porter's cluster processes; and the second set includes urbanization economies and local institutional relationships. The study suggests the key benefits of agglomeration to SEs are that it enables access to demand for SE goods and services together with institutional support, funding and commercial contracts, as well as access to both formal and informal networks that can provide a wide range of knowledge and mutual support. It was, however, difficult to find direct evidence to support the importance of the Marshall-Arrow-Romer (MAR)-type spillovers related to labour market pooling, the efficient procurement of indirect inputs or localized knowledge spillovers.
机译：PINCH S.和SUNLEY P.城市社会企业是否从集聚中受益？来自英国四个城市的证据，区域研究。本文研究了聚类理论对理解社会企业（SE）位置的相关性。这是通过分析英国四个主要城市的SE经理在多大程度上认为自己受益于集聚效应而实现的。本文着眼于两大类集聚过程：第一类是马歇尔外部性和波特聚类过程。第二组包括城市化经济和地方机构关系。该研究表明，社企集聚的主要好处是，它可以获取社企商品和服务的需求以及机构支持，资金和商业合同，以及可以提供广泛知识的正式和非正式网络和相互支持。但是，很难找到直接的证据来证明与劳动力市场集中，有效投入的间接投入或局部知识溢出相关的马歇尔-阿罗-罗默（MAR）型溢出效应的重要性。

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