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首页> 外文期刊>River Research and Applications >Quantification and characterization of bull trout annually entrained in the major irrigation canal on the St. Mary River, Montana, United States, and identification of operations changes that would reduce that loss
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Quantification and characterization of bull trout annually entrained in the major irrigation canal on the St. Mary River, Montana, United States, and identification of operations changes that would reduce that loss

机译：在圣玛丽河，蒙大拿州，美国的主要灌溉运河中纳入的公牛鳟鱼的量化和特征，以及识别会减少这种损失的变化

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The entrainment of fish in irrigation canals has long been a management concern in western North America. In north-central Montana, United States, the presumed but unexamined entrainment of the "threatened" bull trout (Salvelinus confluentusSuckley) in the St. Mary Canal was considered a major impediment to the species' Federal Endangered Species Act recovery. Between April and September, 2002-2006, we systematically netted fish entrained at four canal gates. Among the total 9,981 fish caught during 21,064 net hours, 207 were bull trout mainly 120-200 mm total length (91%) and age 2 (60%) or age 3 (38%). Because catch per unit sampling effort was small and positive values few, the data were pooled among years. Monte Carlo simulation was used to estimate entrainment within months, hours of the day, and individual nets, as well as total annual entrainment. Bull trout entrainment was lowest during daylight and highest during darkness. Seasonally, entrainment was highest in spring, lowest in summer, and of moderate size in early fall. We estimated 140-274 (95% prediction bounds) bull trout were entrained annually under current canal operations; a 90% reduction in that entrainment if there were no April-May operations; and an 80% reduction if operations were limited to daylight hours. That final result suggested bull trout entrainment may be reduced by operation of non-physical barriers (e.g., artificial illumination of the river) near the canal gates at night. Our approach provided a tool that could be used to reduce bull trout entrainment while potentially meeting water-delivery needs.
机译：灌溉运河鱼类的夹带长期以来一直是西北美国的管理问题。在美国北部蒙大拿，美国的北部，未经审查的“威胁”的公牛鳟（Salvelinus Conftuentussuckley）在圣玛丽运河中被认为是对物种的联邦濒危物种法案恢复的重大障碍。 2002 - 2006年4月至9月，我们系统地夹带四条管盖茨的鱼。在21,064小时内捕获的9,981条鱼中，207个是公牛鳟鱼，主要是120-200 mm总长度（91％）和2岁（60％）或年龄3（38％）。由于每单位采样措施的捕获量很小，而且少数人汇集了数据。 Monte Carlo仿真用于估计几个月，一天时间和个人网以及总年度夹带。在白天期间，公牛鳟鱼夹带最低，黑暗期间最高。季节性地，夹带在春季最高，夏季最低，早期秋季中等大小。我们估计在当前的运河行动下每年纳入140-274（95％的预测边界）公牛鳟鱼;如果没有April-May操作，则夹带的减少90％;如果操作仅限于日光小时，则减少80％。最终结果表明公牛鳟鱼夹带可以通过在夜间运河门附近的非物理屏障（例如，河流人工照明）的操作来减少。我们的方法提供了一种工具，可用于减少公牛鳟鱼夹带，同时可能会满足水递送需求。

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