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Optimal design of a general warm standby system

机译：通用热备系统的优化设计

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摘要

Redundancy or standby is a technique that has been widely applied to improving system reliability and availability in the stage of system design. In this paper, we consider a standby system with two units in which the first unit (unit 1) starts its operation under active state and the other unit (unit 2) is under cold standby state at the starting point. After a specified time s (switching time), the state of unit 2 is changed to warm standby state and, as soon as the operating unit 1 fails, the state of unit 2 is changed to active state. If unit 1 fails before time s, the system fails. Units can fail at both active and warm standby states. A general method for modeling the standby system is adopted and system performance measures (system reliability and mean life) based on the proposed model are derived. Three models - a perfect switching model and two imperfect switching models - are considered in this paper. Two imperfect switching models include an imperfect switching probability and a preliminary warm-up period which is required for the change from cold standby state to warm standby state. We consider the problem of determining the optimal switching time which maximizes the expected system life and related allocation problem is also discussed. Some numerical examples are studied.
机译：冗余或备用是一种已广泛应用于在系统设计阶段提高系统可靠性和可用性的技术。在本文中，我们考虑一个具有两个单元的备用系统，其中第一个单元（单元1）在活动状态下开始运行，而另一个单元（单元2）在起点处处于冷待机状态。在指定的时间s（切换时间）之后，单元2的状态更改为热待机状态，并且一旦操作单元1发生故障，单元2的状态就会更改为活动状态。如果单元1在时间s之前发生故障，则系统发生故障。设备在活动状态和热备用状态下都可能发生故障。采用一种通用的备用系统建模方法，并基于该模型推导了系统性能指标（系统可靠性和平均寿命）。本文考虑了三个模型：一个完美的切换模型和两个不完美的切换模型。两种不完善的切换模型包括不完善的切换概率和从冷待机状态到热待机状态的改变所需的预热时间。我们考虑确定最佳开关时间的问题，该时间可以最大化预期的系统寿命，并且还讨论了相关的分配问题。研究了一些数值例子。

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