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Inclusion of frequency control constraints in energy system investment modeling

机译：将频率控制限制融合在能量系统投资建模中

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This study investigates how the inclusion of frequency control constraints in electricity system modeling impacts the levels of investment and dispatch in electricity generation and storage technologies for futures that include high-level penetration of variable renewable energy. This is achieved using a linear cost-minimizing investment and dispatch model using historic load, wind and solar conditions from Spain, Ireland, Sweden and Hungary for Year 2050. With an hourly time-resolution, constraints are added so as to ensure that, within each hour, sufficient inertial power and reserves are available to control the frequency of the power grid. Comparing the results obtained with and without these constraints reveals that the main impacts on the results are from battery investments and operation. Furthermore, it is found that the reserve requirements exert a greater impact on system composition and operation than do the inertial power requirements.(c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
机译：本研究调查了电力系统建模中的频率控制限制的含量如何影响电力发电和储存技术的投资水平，包括可变可再生能源的高级别渗透的期货。这是通过使用西班牙，爱尔兰，瑞典和匈牙利的历史负荷，风和太阳能条件的线性成本最小化投资和调度模型实现了205​​0年。随着每小时的时间分辨率，增加了约束，以确保内部每小时，有足够的惯性电源和储备可用于控制电网的频率。比较在没有这些限制的情况下获得的结果表明，对结果的主要影响来自电池投资和操作。此外，发现储备要求对系统组成和操作产生了更大的影响，而不是惯性功率要求。（c）作者2021年。由elsevier有限公司发布这是CC下的开放式访问文章（http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/）。

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