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A practical optical and electrical model to estimate the power losses and quantification of different heat sources in silicon based PV modules

机译：一种实用的光电模型，用于估算硅基光伏模块中的功率损耗和不同热源的量化

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摘要

Solar modules convert light in wanted electricity, unwanted heat and reflected incident light. Light absorbed in the silicon of the solar cells generates free charge carriers which are converted into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. Some of the energy absorbed in free charge carriers as well as all other absorption in non-photoactive layers generates heat. PV modules are mainly characterized in standard test conditions (STC) but quantification of reflection losses and heat sources in PV modules helps to evaluate the yield of PV modules in different spectrums and environmental conditions such as desert regions where the module temperature can influence the energy yield. In this work, we introduce a practical method for calculating spectrally resolved absorption and voltage resolved electrical conversion mechanisms in order to quantify electricity and heat generating processes by means of common characterization devices. The model only needs optical characterization of module components and typical electrical characterization of the cells and modules. Based on the performance of individual components, the share of each loss phenomena and electricity production in the complete solar module can be determined. Comparison of simulation results with experimental measurements shows a good correlation. The measured and simulated short-circuit current density are in good agreement with about 1% deviation due to additional back reflections and measurement noise. The cell to module (CTM) current loss are simulated and measured for 2.63% and 1.85% respectively. The results show that for the measured modules, 7% of the incoming solar power on the module is reflected while 75.58% of it turns to heat. The usable energy as electricity is simulated and measured for 17.44% and 17.72%, respectively. We show that more than half of the incoming energy dissipates as heat due to thermalization and thermodynamic losses. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：太阳能模块将光转换成所需的电能，多余的热量和反射的入射光。吸收在太阳能电池的硅中的光产生自由电荷载流子，该电荷载流子通过光电效应转换为电。自由电荷载流子中吸收的一些能量以及非光敏层中的所有其他吸收都会产生热量。光伏组件的主要特点是在标准测试条件（STC）下进行表征，但是对光伏组件中的反射损耗和热源进行量化有助于评估不同光谱和环境条件（例如沙漠地区，其中组件温度会影响能量产生）的光伏组件的产量。在这项工作中，我们介绍了一种实用的方法，用于计算频谱分辨的吸收和电压分辨的电转换机制，以便通过常见的表征装置来量化电和热的产生过程。该模型仅需要模块组件的光学特性以及电池和模块的典型电气特性。根据各个组件的性能，可以确定整个太阳能电池组件中每种损耗现象和发电量的份额。模拟结果与实验测量值的比较显示出良好的相关性。由于额外的背反射和测量噪声，测量和模拟的短路电流密度与大约1％的偏差非常吻合。模拟并测量了电池到模块（CTM）的电流损耗，分别为2.63％和1.85％。结果表明，对于所测量的模块，模块上入射的太阳能的7％被反射，而其中75.58％转化为热量。模拟和测量了作为电能的可用能量，分别为17.44％和17.72％。我们显示，由于热化和热力学损失，超过一半的传入能量以热量的形式消散。 （C）2018 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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