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Potential use of geothermal energy sources for the production of lithium-ion batteries

机译：潜在利用地热能源生产锂离子电池

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摘要

The lithium-ion battery is one of the most promising technologies for energy storage in many recent and emerging applications. However, the cost of lithium-ion batteries limits their penetration in the public market. Energy input is a significant cost driver for lithium batteries due to both the electrical and thermal energy required in the production process. The drying process requires 45-57％ of the energy consumption of the production process according to a model presented in this paper. The model is used as a base for quantifying the energy and temperatures at each step, as replacing electric energy with thermal energy is considered. In Iceland, it is possible to use geothermal steam as a thermal resource in the drying process. The most feasible type of dryer and heating method for lithium batteries would be a tray dryer (batch) using a conduction heating method under vacuum operation. Replacing conventional heat sources with heat from geothermal steam in Iceland, we can lower the energy cost to 0.008USD/Ah from 0.13USD/Ah based on average European energy prices. The energy expenditure after 15 years operation could be close to 2％ of total expenditure using this renewable resource, down from 12 to 15％ in other European countries. According to our profitability model, the internal rate of return of this project will increase from 11％ to 23％ by replacing the energy source. The impact on carbon emissions amounts to 393.4-215.1 g/Ah lower releases of CO_2 per year, which is only 2-5％ of carbon emissions related to battery production using traditional energy sources.
机译：锂离子电池是许多近期和新兴应用中最有前途的储能技术之一。然而，锂离子电池的成本限制了它们在公共市场中的渗透。由于生产过程中所需的电能和热能，能量输入是锂电池成本的重要推动力。根据本文介绍的模型，干燥过程需要生产过程能耗的45-57％。该模型用作量化每个步骤的能量和温度的基础，因为考虑了用热能代替电能。在冰岛，干燥过程中可以使用地热蒸汽作为热源。锂电池干燥机和加热方法最可行的类型是在真空操作下使用传导加热方法的托盘干燥机（分批）。用冰岛的地热蒸汽代替传统的热源，根据欧洲平均能源价格，我们可以将能源成本从0.13USD / Ah降低到0.008USD / Ah。使用这种可再生资源后，运行15年后的能源支出可能接近总支出的2％，从其他欧洲国家的12％降至15％。根据我们的盈利模型，通过更换能源，该项目的内部收益率将从11％增加到23％。每年对二氧化碳的排放量降低了393.4-215.1 g / Ah，这仅是与使用传统能源生产电池有关的碳排放量的2-5％。

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