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On the park effect in arrays of oscillating wave energy converters

机译：振荡波能量转换器阵列中的帕克效应

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This paper aims to provide guidelines for designing the layout of arrays of oscillating Wave Energy Converters (WECs) based on a review of the literature of wave interactions and park effect in WEC arrays that has been published over the past 30 years. First, the fundamentals of wave energy absorption by oscillating bodies are summarised, and the principal differences between the park effect in arrays of wave energy converters and wind turbines are highlighted. Then, the numerical approaches commonly used to deal with WEC arrays are outlined briefly and their limitations are discussed. It is argued that, at present, only Boundary Element Methods (BEM) are capable of the appropriate analysis. Finally, previous work on wave interactions and park effect in WEC arrays is reviewed. Similar trends are found in these studies, which allow conclusions to be drawn regarding the significance of the park effect as a function of the number of WECs in the array and their spacing. Based on these conclusions, the following tentative guidelines are proposed: For small arrays of conventional devices (fewer than 10 devices of typical dimension 10-20 m) with usual layouts (regular or shifted grids with separating distance of order 100-200 m), the park effect appears to be negligible. For larger arrays (more than 10 devices), a negative park effect seems to be increasingly important with increasing number of rows (the lines of WECs perpendicular to the incident wave direction). Therefore, the number of rows should remain as small as possible, with a separating distance as large as possible. For arrays of non-conventional WECs (WECs of typical dimensions much larger than 10-20 m), no information has been found. However, trends similar to the previous cases could be expected, provided that aspect ratios are maintained.
机译：本文的目的是基于对过去30年间发表的有关WEC阵列中波相互作用和停泊效应的文献的回顾，为设计振荡波能量转换器（WEC）的阵列布局提供指导。首先，概述了由振动体吸收波能的基本原理，并着重说明了波能转换器和风力涡轮机阵列中的公园效应之间的主要区别。然后，简要概述了通常用于处理WEC阵列的数值方法，并讨论了它们的局限性。据认为，目前，只有边界元方法（BEM）才能够进行适当的分析。最后，回顾了以前在WEC阵列中的波相互作用和驻波效应的工作。在这些研究中发现了类似的趋势，这使得可以根据阵列中WEC数量及其间距对公园效应的重要性得出结论。根据这些结论，提出了以下暂定准则：对于小型阵列的常规设备（少于10个典型尺寸为10-20 m的设备），其布局通常（分隔距离为100-200 m的规则或偏移网格），公园效应似乎可以忽略不计。对于更大的阵列（超过10个设备），随着行数（垂直于入射波方向的WEC线）的增加，负停泊效应似乎变得越来越重要。因此，行数应保持尽可能少，分隔距离应尽可能大。对于非常规WEC阵列（典型尺寸远大于10-20 m的WEC），未发现任何信息。但是，只要保持宽高比，可以预期与以前的情况类似的趋势。

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