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Methane generation in landfills

机译：垃圾填埋场产生甲烷

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Methane gas is a by-product of landfilling municipal solid wastes (MSW). Most of the global MSW is dumped in non-regulated landfills and the generated methane is emitted to the atmosphere. Some of the modern regulated landfills attempt to capture and utilize landfill biogas, a renewable energy source, to generate electricity or heat. As of 2001, there were about one thousand landfills collecting landfill biogas worldwide. The landfills that capture biogas in the US collect about 2.6 million tonnes of methane annually, 70% of which is used to generate heat and/or electricity. The landfill gas situation in the US was used to estimate the potential for additional collection and utilization of landfill gas in the US and worldwide. Theoretical and experimental studies indicate that complete anaerobic biodegradation of MSW generates about 200 Nm~3 of methane per dry tonne of contained biomass. However, the reported rate of generation of methane in industrial anaerobic digestion reactors ranges from 40 to 80 Nm~3 per tonne of organic wastes. Several US landfills report capturing as much as 100 Nm~3 of methane per ton of MSW landfilled in a given year. These findings led to a conservative estimate of methane generation of about 50 Nm~3 of methane per ton of MSW landfilled. Therefore, for the estimated global landfilling of 1.5 billion tones annually, the corresponding rate of methane generation at landfills is 75 billion Nm~3. Less than 10% of this potential is captured and utilized at this time.
机译：甲烷气体是填埋城市固体废物（MSW）的副产品。全球大多数城市固体废弃物被倾倒在非管制的垃圾填埋场中，产生的甲烷被排放到大气中。一些受现代监管的垃圾掩埋场试图捕获和利用垃圾掩埋场沼气（一种可再生能源）来发电或供热。截至2001年，全世界大约有1000个垃圾填埋场收集垃圾沼气。在美国，收集沼气的垃圾填埋场每年收集约260万吨甲烷，其中70％用于发电和/或发电。美国的垃圾填埋气情况被用来估算在美国和全球范围内进一步收集和利用垃圾填埋气的潜力。理论和实验研究表明，城市固体垃圾的完全厌氧生物降解，每干吨所含生物质产生约200 Nm〜3的甲烷。然而，据报道工业厌氧消化反应器中甲烷的产生速率为每吨有机废物40到80 Nm〜3。美国的一些垃圾填埋场报告说，在特定年份，每吨垃圾填埋场捕获的甲烷量高达100 Nm〜3。这些发现导致保守估计每吨垃圾填埋场产生的甲烷量约为50 Nm〜3。因此，对于估计的全球每年15亿吨的垃圾掩埋，垃圾掩埋场的甲烷生成速率为750亿Nm〜3。此时，只有不到10％的这种潜力被捕获和利用。

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