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Observing the atmospheric wind from space

机译:从太空观察大气

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摘要

Among the basic variables that characterize the thermodynamic state of the atmosphere, wind is relatively poorly observed. Surface measurements by in situ sensors are numerous, but irregularly distributed over the globe. Upper level winds are characterized by radiosoundings that are reliable and accurate, but in a very limited number due to their expensive cost. They are complemented by wind measurements performed by commercial aircrafts, but these data are mostly acquired along the major flight routes at a cruising altitude of ~10 km. Radio sondes and aircrafts leave large gaps in the observation network that have been partly complemented for 10 years by an increasing amount of wind information derived from cloud tracking in satellite images, and more recently, surface winds by scatterometers. However, the observation capacity still suffers deficiencies as there is still no information in cloud-free parts of the atmosphere, and no complete vertical profiles except for the radiosoundings. They should be overcome with the launch in 2011 of the European satellite ADM-Aeolus, a space-based Doppler lidar currently under development at the European Space Agency.
机译:在表征大气热力学状态的基本变量中,观察到的风相对较差。原位传感器进行的表面测量数量众多,但分布在全球范围内不规则。上层风的特征是可靠且准确的无线电声音,但由于成本昂贵,数量很少。商用飞机进行风速测量可以补充这些数据,但是这些数据大部分是在主航路上10公里的巡航高度上获得的。无线电探空仪和飞机在观测网络中留下了很大的空白,而这十年来已经得到了一定程度的补充,这是通过增加卫星图像中的云跟踪获得的风信息数量增加,以及最近散射仪产生的地表风。但是,观测能力仍然存在缺陷,因为在大气无云的部分中仍然没有信息,除了无线电声之外,没有完整的垂直剖面。应该通过在2011年发射欧洲卫星ADM-Aeolus(目前正在由欧洲航天局开发的一种太空多普勒激光雷达)来克服这些问题。

著录项

  • 来源
    《Comptes rendus》 |2010年第5期|P.370-379|共10页
  • 作者

    Alain Dabas;

  • 作者单位

    Meteo-France, Centre national de recherches meteorologiques, 42, avenue Cariolis, 31057 Toulouse cedex, France;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    atmosphere; wind; sensor; satellite; lidar;

    机译:大气层;风;传感器;卫星;激光雷达;

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