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Competition for talent. Country and organizational-level effects in the internationalization of European higher education institutions

机译：人才竞争。欧洲高等教育机构国际化中的国家和组织层面的影响

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摘要

This paper analyzes the competition for skilled human resources between European higher education institutions (HEI) through a multi-level model predicting their ability to attract foreign researchers. Predictions of the model are tested on a dataset on internationalization of 601 HEIs in 8 European countries. We show that (1) the model is able to explain a large proportion of the variance in the levels of internationalization of academic staff between HEIs; (2) country factors are more important than HEIs' characteristics in driving internationalization; (3) research-oriented HEIs in attractive countries have a larger share of international staff, whereas this happens only to a limited extent with similar HEIs in low attractive countries; (4) the association of research orientation with internationalization is mediated by the HEI's international network. These results have relevant implications for HEI's hiring strategies, as well as for national policies concerning careers and the mobility of researchers. We suggest that policies should be tailored to structural conditions of HEIs and countries, whereas imitating the approaches of highly attractive places might be damaging. Less-attractive countries should rather focus on training and career opportunities for young national researchers, as well as on instruments to keep linkages with national expatriates.
机译：本文通过预测其吸引外国研究人员能力的多层次模型，分析了欧洲高等教育机构（HEI）之间对熟练人力资源的竞争。该模型的预测在8个欧洲国家中601个HEI国际化的数据集上进行了测试。我们证明（1）该模型能够解释高校之间学术人员国际化水平的很大一部分差异； （2）在推动国际化方面，国家因素比高等教育机构的特点更为重要； （3）在有吸引力的国家中，以研究为导向的高等教育机构在国际工作人员中所占比例较大，而在吸引力低的国家中，类似的高等教育机构仅在有限的程度上发生这种情况； （4）研究导向与国际化的联系是由HEI的国际网络介导的。这些结果对HEI的招聘策略以及有关职业和研究人员流动的国家政策具有重要意义。我们建议应根据高校和国家的结构条件调整政策，而模仿高度有吸引力的地方的做法可能会造成破坏。吸引力较弱的国家应将重点放在年轻国家研究人员的培训和职业机会上，以及与本国侨民保持联系的工具上。

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