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An emerging paradigm or just another trajectory? Understanding the nature of technological changes using engineering heuristics in the telecommunications switching industry

机译：新兴的范式或只是另一条轨迹？使用工程启发法了解电信交换行业中技术变革的本质

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摘要

The theoretical literature on technological changes distinguishes between paradigmatic changes and changes in trajectories. Recently several scholars have performed empirical studies on the way technological trajectories evolve in specific industries, often by predominantly looking at the artifacts. Much less - if any - empirical work has been done on paradigmatic changes, even though these have a much more profound impact on today's industry. It follows from the theory that such studies would need to focus more on the knowledge level than on the artifact level, raising questions on how to operationalize such phenomena. This study aims to fill this gap by applying network-based methodologies to knowledge networks, represented here by patents and patent citations. The rich technological history of telecommunications switches shows how engineers in the post-war period were confronted with huge challenges to meet drastically changing demands. This historical background is a starting point for an in-depth analysis of patents, in search of information about technological direction, technical bottlenecks, and engineering heuristics. We aim to identify when such changes took place over the seven different generations of technological advances this industry has seen. In this way we can easily recognize genuine paradigmatic changes compared to more regular changes in trajectory.
机译：关于技术变化的理论文献将范式变化和轨迹变化区分开来。最近，有几位学者经常通过主要研究工件来对特定行业中技术轨迹的发展方式进行实证研究。关于范式变化的经验工作要少得多（即使有的话），即使这些变化对当今行业产生了深远的影响。从理论上可以得出结论，这样的研究将需要更多地集中在知识层面而不是工件层面，从而提出了如何操作这种现象的问题。这项研究旨在通过将基于网络的方法应用于知识网络来填补这一空白，此处以专利和专利引用为代表。电信交换机的丰富技术历史表明，战后时期的工程师如何面对巨大的挑战来满足急剧变化的需求。这一历史背景是深入研究专利，寻找有关技术方向，技术瓶颈和工程启发法的信息的起点。我们旨在确定这种变化是何时在该行业所见的七代不同的技术进步中发生的。这样，与更常规的轨迹变化相比，我们可以轻松地识别出真正的范式变化。

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