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Is the Internet a US invention ―an economic and technological history of computer networking

机译:互联网是美国的发明吗?计算机网络的经济和技术历史

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摘要

Although the inventions embodied in the Internet originated in a diverse set of industrial economies, the US was consistently the source of critical innovations and an early adopter of new applications. Why did other nations, including several that made important inventive contributions to the Internet, not play a larger role in its development, particularly in the creation of new business organizations, governance institutions, and applications? We argue that the role of the US "national innovation system" in the creation of the Internet echoes several key themes of US technological development before 1940. The presence of a large domestic market, a set of antitrust and regulatory policies that weakened the power of incumbent telecommunications firms, and a diverse private/public research community that was willing to work with both domestic and foreign inventions were important preconditions for US leadership in computer networking innovation.
机译:尽管互联网中体现的发明起源于各种各样的工业经济体,但美国始终是关键创新的发源地和新应用的早期采用者。为什么其他国家,包括其中一些对互联网做出了重要的发明性贡献的国家,在其发展中,尤其是在创建新的商业组织,治理机构和应用程序方面,没有发挥更大的作用?我们认为,美国“国家创新系统”在互联网创建中的作用与1940年之前美国技术发展的几个关键主题相呼应。庞大的国内市场,一系列反托拉斯和监管政策的存在削弱了互联网的力量。既有的电信公司,以及愿意与国内外发明一起工作的多样化的私人/公共研究社区,是美国在计算机网络创新中发挥领导作用的重要前提。

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