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Overseas innovations by Japanese firms: an analysis of patent and subsidiary data

机译：日本企业的海外创新：专利和子公司数据分析

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摘要

This paper examines patent and overseas subsidiary data of 231 large and medium-sized Japanese electronics firms to analyse the characteristics and determinants of foreign research and development (R&D) activities. A number of medium-sized firms have highly internationalised R&D operations, whereas most large Japanese electronics firms remain strongly dependent on domestic R&D. Statistical analysis of the firm-level determinants of the number of overseas innovations established positive and significant effects of R&D intensity, export intensity, overseas manufacturing intensity, operating experience in greenfield manufacturing subsidiaries overseas, and the relative importance of acquisitions in overseas manufacturing, while a nonlinear relationship between firm size and overseas innovations was found. The results support the notions of a technology exploitation motive for overseas R&D as well as a substantial additional role for a technology sourcing motive. Support is also found for the hypothesis that part of the explanation for the low degree of R&D internationalisation of Japanese firms must be sought in their relatively late and rapid overseas expansion since the mid-1980s.
机译：本文研究了日本231家大中型电子公司的专利和海外子公司数据，以分析国外研究与开发（R＆D）活动的特征和决定因素。许多中型公司的研发业务高度国际化，而大多数日本大型电子公司仍然强烈依赖国内研发。对企业海外创新数量决定因素的统计分析确定了研发强度，出口强度，海外制造业强度，在海外新建子公司的运营经验以及收购在海外制造业中的相对重要性等方面的积极影响。发现企业规模与海外创新之间存在非线性关系。结果支持了海外研发的技术开发动机的观念，以及技术采购动机的实质性额外作用。人们还支持以下假设：自1980年代中期以来，在相对较晚且迅速的海外扩张中，必须寻求日本企业研发国际化程度较低的部分解释。

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