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An analysis of innovation strategies and industrial differentiation through patent applications: the case of plant biotechnology

机译：通过专利申请分析创新策略和产业差异化：以植物生物技术为例

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摘要

The main result of this study of patent applications in plant biotechnology showed that a low level of technological differentiation explains a weak regime of appropriability. We consequently propose a complete reversal compared with traditional approaches. Whereas patents are generally considered as a decisive factor, we suggest that alone they cannot induce a dynamic of technological differentiation. It is because they do not play the role attributed to them by Kitch (the co-ordination of actors' plans) that they do not fulfil the function traditionally allocated to them (an incentive to innovation). Given this relation of weak appropriability to a low level of technological differentiation, the dynamics of plant biotechnology seem to be more closely related to the introduction of new tools into specific fields of application via vertical integration, than to the autonomous development of generic technologies. Industrial organization is seen as being characterized by a dynamic of differentiated oligopoly, with a high level of vertical integration rather than intense horizontal specialization and quasi-commercial relations between firms.
机译：这项对植物生物技术专利申请的研究的主要结果表明，技术差异水平低说明了适用性薄弱的制度。因此，与传统方法相比，我们提出了完全逆转的建议。尽管专利通常被认为是决定性因素，但我们建议仅凭专利就不能诱导技术差异化。因为他们没有发挥Kitch赋予他们的角色（演员计划的协调），所以他们没有履行传统上分配给他们的功能（激励创新）。考虑到适用性差和技术差异程度低的关系，植物生物技术的动力学似乎与通过垂直整合将新工具引入特定应用领域的密切相关，而不是与通用技术的自主开发密切相关。产业组织被认为具有差异化寡头垄断的特征，具有高度的纵向整合，而不是激烈的横向专业化和企业之间的准商业关系。

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  • 来源
    《Research policy》 |1996年第7期|p. 1027-1046|共20页
  • 作者

    Pierre-Benoit Joly; Marie-Angèle de Looze;

  • 作者单位

    INRA/SERD, Université Pierre Mendès France, BP 47, 38040, Grenoble Cedex 09, France;

    INRA/SERD, Université Pierre Mendès France, BP 47, 38040, Grenoble Cedex 09, France;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 科学、科学研究;
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