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National health innovation systems: Clustering the OECD countries by innovative output in healthcare using a multi indicator approach

机译：国家卫生创新系统：采用多指标方法，通过创新医疗保健产出将经合组织国家聚集在一起

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摘要

The importance of innovation in healthcare has increased within the last decades as challenges, like rising costs and an aging demographic, have to be solved. The degree of innovativeness in healthcare is strongly influenced by the National Health Innovation System, which as a sectoral innovation system encompasses a wide variety of actors and related knowledge. Despite the highly practical relevance of the topic, there are only a few studies that analyze innovation in healthcare on a national level. Thus, this study is a starting point and, building on the theoretical framework of national innovation systems, answers the following questions: “Can countries be grouped by their innovation output in healthcare and do those groups differ in factors describing the healthcare system? Do countries with strong national innovation systems also have strong national health innovation systems and vice versa?” We compare the healthcare innovation output of 30 OECD countries using a multi-indicator approach and categorize them into four distinct groups using cluster analysis. The cluster consisting of the Scandinavian countries, the Netherlands and Switzerland shows the highest innovation output measured in knowledge production and knowledge commercialization. Surprisingly, these countries, with the exception of Switzerland, only rank in the medium group when considering the entire national innovation system. Policymakers and researchers might be particularly interested in studying the healthcare systems of these countries.
机译：在过去的几十年中，由于必须解决诸如成本上涨和人口老龄化等挑战，医疗保健创新的重要性日益提高。卫生保健中的创新程度受到国家卫生创新体系的强烈影响，该体系作为一个部门创新体系，涵盖了各种各样的参与者和相关知识。尽管该主题具有高度的实际意义，但只有少数研究在国家层面分析了医疗保健领域的创新。因此，这项研究是一个起点，并以国家创新体系的理论框架为基础，回答以下问题：“能否将国家在医疗保健领域的创新产出分组，这些群体在描述医疗体系的因素上是否有所不同？具有强大国家创新体系的国家是否也有强大的国家卫生创新体系，反之亦然？”我们使用多指标方法比较了30个经合组织国家的医疗保健创新产出，并使用聚类分析将其分为四个不同的组。由斯堪的纳维亚国家，荷兰和瑞士组成的集群显示，在知识生产和知识商业化方面，创新产出最高。令人惊讶的是，这些国家（瑞士除外）在考虑整个国家创新体系时仅排在中等水平。政策制定者和研究人员可能对研究这些国家的医疗系统特别感兴趣。

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