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Digitalization, routineness and employment: An exploration on Italian task-based data

机译：数字化，常规和就业：基于任务的数据的探索

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This paper explores the relation between the digitalization of labour processes, the level of routineness of labour tasks and changes in employment in the case of Italy in the period 2011-16. The levels of digitalization and routineness of occupations in more than 500 4-digit ISCO professional groups are measured using data from a unique Italian profession-level survey on skill, tasks and work contents - the INAPP-ISTAT Survey on Italian Occupations (ICP), an O*NET-type dataset. Two digitalization indices are used: a digital use index, measuring the use of computers and e-mail in the workplace, and a digital tasks index, capturing the presence of a set of key digital tasks, such as those related to programming or activities concerning the use of specialized hardware. The same dataset is used to compute a composite routine task intensity index. The descriptive evidence presented in the paper shows strong differences across occupations in the level of digitalization and routineness, and the presence of a negative relation between the two in most professional groups. The econometric estimates show that digital-intensive occupations tend to grow more than the rest of the workforce, particularly when digitalization is measured relying on the digital use indicator. The level of routineness, in turn, is negatively or, in some specifications, not significantly associated to employment change. However, occupations that are both digital and routine-intensive turn out to be penalized in terms of employment growth, providing further support to (and further qualifying) the the routine biased technological change (RBTC) hypothesis. In other words, our results show that the impact of digitalization on employment is mediated by the level of routineness characterizing the tasks bundled in each occupation.
机译：本文探讨了劳动流程数字化与2011-16期间意大利劳动任务的常规和就业变化之间的关系。使用来自技能，任务和工作内容的独特意大利专业级调查的数据来测量超过500个4位ISCO专业团体的职业的数字化和常规程度 - 意大利职业（ICP）的Inapp-Istat调查，一个* net-type数据集。使用两个数字化指数：数字使用索引，测量工作场所中计算机和电子邮件以及数字任务索引，捕获一组关键数字任务的存在，例如与编程或活动相关的那些关键数字任务使用专业硬件。相同的数据集用于计算复合例程任务强度索引。本文提出的描述性证据表明，数字化和常规程度的职业中的职业差异很大，以及在大多数专业团体中两者之间存在负面关系。经济学估计表明，数字密集型职业往往比劳动力的其余部分增长更多，特别是当依赖于数字使用指示符时测量数字化时。反过来，常规的水平是消极的，或者在某些规范中，没有明显与就业变化相关联。然而，数字和常规密集型的职业在就业增长方面处于惩罚，为（以及进一步资格）提供了进一步的支持（以及进一步资格）常规偏见的技术变革（RBTC）假设。换句话说，我们的结果表明，数字化对就业的影响是由常规的常规介绍，其特征在每个职业中捆绑在一起的任务。

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