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首页> 外文期刊>Restoration ecology >Soil Biological and Chemical Properties in Restored Perennial Grassland in California
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Soil Biological and Chemical Properties in Restored Perennial Grassland in California

机译：加利福尼亚恢复多年生草地的土壤生物化学性质

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Restoration of California native perennial grassland is often initiated with cultivation to reduce the density and cover of non-native annual grasses before seeding with native perennials. Tillage is known to adversely impact agriculturally cultivated land; thus changes in soil biological functions, as indicated by carbon (C) turnover and C retention, may also be negatively affected by these restoration techniques. We investigated a restored perennial grassland in the fourth year after planting Nassella pulchra, Elymus glaucus, and Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. californicum for total soil C and nitrogen (N), microbial biomass C, microbial respiration, CO_2 concentrations in the soil atmosphere, surface efflux of CO_2, and root distribution (0- to 15-, 15- to 30-, 30- to 60-, and 60- to 80-cm depths). A comparison was made between untreated annual grassland and plots without plant cover still maintained by tillage and herbicide. In the uppermost layer (0- to 15-cm depth), total C, microbial biomass C, and respiration were lower in the tilled, bare soil than in the grassland soils, as was CO_2 efflux from the soil surface. Root length near perennial bunch-grasses was lower at the surface and greater at lower depths than in the annual grass-dominated areas; a similar but less pronounced trend was observed for root biomass. Few differences in soil biological or chemical properties occurred below 15-cm depth, except that at lower depths, the CO_2 concentration in the soil atmosphere was lower in the plots without vegetation, possibly from reduced production of CO_2 due to the lack of root respiration. Similar microbiological properties in soil layers below 15-cm depth suggest that deeper microbiota rely on more recalcitrant C sources and are less affected by plant removal than in the surface layer, even after 6 years. Without primary production, restoration procedures with extended periods of tillage and herbicide applications led to net losses of C during the plant-free periods. However, at 4 years after planting native grasses, soil microbial biomass and activity were nearly the same as the former conditions represented by annual grassland, suggesting high resilience to the temporary disturbance caused by tillage.
机译：加利福尼亚本地多年生草地的恢复通常是通过种植来开始的，以降低非本地一年生草的密度和覆盖率，然后再播种本地多年生植物。众所周知，耕种会对农业耕地产生不利影响；因此，这些恢复技术也可能对土壤生物学功能的变化（如碳（C）周转和碳保留）表示不利影响。在种植Nassella pulchra，Elymus glaucus和Hordeum brachyantherum ssp之后的第四年，我们调查了恢复的多年生草地。加州土壤中的总碳和氮（N），微生物生物量碳，微生物呼吸，土壤大气中的CO_2浓度，CO_2的表面外排以及根系分布（0至15、15至30、30至60 -和60-80厘米的深度）。在未处理的一年生草地和没有耕种和除草剂维持植物覆盖的土地之间进行了比较。在最上层（深度为0至15厘米），耕作的裸露土壤中的总C，微生物生物量C和呼吸作用比草地土壤中的低，土壤表面的CO_2外排也是如此。与一年生禾草为主的地区相比，多年生束草的根长在地表较低，在较低深度则更大。根生物量观察到类似但不太明显的趋势。在15厘米深度以下，几乎没有土壤生物学或化学性质的差异，除了在较低深度处，没有植被的样地中土壤大气中的CO_2浓度较低，这可能是由于缺乏根部呼吸作用而导致CO_2产量减少所致。在深度低于15厘米的土壤层中，相似的微生物学性质表明，即使在6年后，较深的微生物群也依赖更多的顽固性碳源，并且与表层相比，受植物去除的影响较小。如果不进行初级生产，则延长了耕作和除草剂施用的恢复程序会导致无植物期的碳净损失。然而，在种植天然草后的第4年，土壤微生物的生物量和活性与一年生草地所代表的以前条件几乎相同，这表明对耕作造成的暂时干扰具有很高的复原力。

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