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The Evolution of Solid and Hazardous Waste Regulation in the United States

机译：美国固体和危险废物法规的演变

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摘要

This article has reviewed the evolution and interaction of legislation, regulation, and practical experience concerning solid and hazardous waste management and site cleanup in the United States over more than three decades. Three general themes have emerged from this discussion. First is the effect of the accumulation of information. Early waste legislation was written with imperfect information. As understanding of waste management, disposal, and cleanup issues improved, the governing statutes were amended and regulations were refined. Second, later regulations responded to structural and behavioral reactions to earlier regulations. For example, the Brownnelds Law was written to address poorly functioning property markets for land tainted by real or perceived contamination. The third theme running through the evolution of waste regulation is the balance of responsibility between federal and state governments. Initially, waste issues were solely the purview of state and local governments. With the passage of RCRA and CERCLA, the federal government took on a prominent regulatory role and established baseline national regulations. In the past three decades, the state's role has expanded again, resulting in a variety of enforcement- and incentive-based state programs.
机译：本文回顾了三十多年来美国在固体和危险废物管理以及现场清理方面的立法，法规和实践经验的演变和相互影响。这次讨论提出了三个总的主题。首先是信息积累的影响。早期的废物立法写的信息不完善。随着对废物管理，处置和清理问题的了解的提高，对管理法规进行了修订，并对法规进行了完善。其次，后来的法规对早期法规的结构和行为反应作出了反应。例如，《布朗内尔德法》（Brunnelds Law）旨在解决因实际污染或感知污染而污染的土地的房地产市场。废物法规发展的第三个主题是联邦政府与州政府之间的责任平衡。最初，废物问题仅是州和地方政府的权限。随着RCRA和CERCLA的通过，联邦政府发挥了重要的监管作用，并建立了基本的国家法规。在过去的三十年中，国家的作用再次扩大，从而产生了各种基于执法和激励的国家计划。

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  • 来源
    《Review of environmental economics and policy》 |2009年第1期|104-120|共17页
  • 作者

    Robin R. Jenkins; Elizabeth Kopits; David Simpson;

  • 作者单位

    National Center for Environmental Economics, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460 USA;

    National Center for Environmental Economics, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460 USA;

    National Center for Environmental Economics, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. 20460 USA;

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