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首页> 外文期刊>Review of Income and Wealth >GLOBAL INEQUALITY; LEVELS AND TRENDS, 1993-2005: HOW SENSITIVE ARE THESE TO THE CHOICE OF PPPs AND REAL INCOME MEASURES?
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GLOBAL INEQUALITY; LEVELS AND TRENDS, 1993-2005: HOW SENSITIVE ARE THESE TO THE CHOICE OF PPPs AND REAL INCOME MEASURES?

机译：全球不平等； 1993年至2005年的水平和趋势：对购买力平价和实际收入衡量的选择有多敏感？

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Increasing global interaction between economies over the last few decades has led to growing interest on the implications of globalization. Of particular interest has been the distributional impact of globalization and whether this has been equity enhancing. Contributing to this debate, Chotikapanich et al. have previously estimated global and regional inequalities for 1993 and 2000. The current paper presents estimates of global inequality for 2005, making use of purchasing power parity (PPP) data from the 2005 International Comparison Program (ICP) round. A critical element in the estimation of regional and global inequality is the data on PPPs and real incomes. Another objective of the paper is to examine the sensitivity of the inequality results to the use of alternative sets of real incomes using different sets of PPP data to convert per capita income data into a common currency unit. The paper also compares levels and trends of global inequality measures based on real per capita income measures from the national accounts and those obtained using per capita expenditure data from household expenditure surveys. The main finding of the paper is that the populist view that globalization has increased inequality does not hold when inequality is measured at the global level. Between 1993 and 2005, inequality has consistently declined as measured both by the Gini coefficient and the Theil index. This decline in global inequality was the result of a decline in inequality between countries. The estimates do suggest that there is an overall upward trend in inequality within countries, lending some support for protestors against globalization. Another finding is that the levels of global inequality are indeed sensitive to the choice of PPPs. However, the downward trend in global inequality is consistently evident across different choices of PPPs and real incomes. We find similar trends in inequality and in the within and between components of inequality when inequality measures are based on national accounts real per capita incomes or on the survey-based real per capita expenditures.
机译：在过去的几十年中，经济体之间越来越多的全球互动导致人们对全球化的影响越来越感兴趣。尤其引起人们关注的是全球化的分布影响以及这是否在促进公平。促成这一辩论的是Chotikapanich等。以前曾估计过1993年和2000年的全球和地区不平等现象。本文件利用2005年国际比较计划（ICP）回合的购买力平价（PPP）数据，提出了对2005年全球不平等现象的估计。估计区域和全球不平等的关键因素是关于购买力平价和实际收入的数据。本文的另一个目标是使用不同的PPP数据集将人均收入数据转换为通用货币单位，以检验不平等结果对使用替代性实际收入集的敏感性。本文还根据国民账户的实际人均收入测度和使用家庭支出调查中的人均支出数据获得的全球不平等测度的水平和趋势进行了比较。该论文的主要发现是，当在全球范围内衡量不平等时，民粹主义认为全球化加剧了不平等。从1993年到2005年，通过基尼系数和Theil指数衡量的不平等现象持续下降。全球不平等的减少是国家之间不平等减少的结果。估计确实表明，国家内部的不平等总体呈上升趋势，这为反对全球化的抗议者提供了一些支持。另一个发现是，全球不平等程度确实对PPP的选择敏感。然而，在购买力平价和实际收入的不同选择中，全球不平等的下降趋势一直很明显。当不平等衡量标准是基于国民账户实际人均收入或基于调查的实际人均支出时，我们发现不平等趋势以及不平等内部和之间的类似趋势。

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