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Market Structure and the Environmental Implications of Trade Liberalization: Russia's Accession to the World Trade Organization

机译:市场结构和贸易自由化的环境影响:俄罗斯加入世界贸易组织

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摘要

We investigate the environmental impacts of Russia's World Trade Organization (WTO) accession with a computable general equilibrium model incorporating imperfectly competitive firms, foreign direct investment and endogenous productivity. WTO accession increases CO2 emissions through technique (-), composition (+) and scale (+) effects. We consider three complementary policies to limit CO2 emissions: cap and trade, emission intensity standards and energy efficiency standards. With imperfectly competitive firms, gains from WTO accession result with any of these policies. If we assume perfectly competitive market structures, the negative environmental impacts of WTO accession are smaller and no net gains arise when environmental regulation involves energy intensity or efficiency standards.
机译:我们使用可计算的一般均衡模型研究了俄罗斯加入世界贸易组织(WTO)的环境影响,该模型包含了不完全竞争的公司,外国直接投资和内生生产力。加入世贸组织通过技术(-),成分(+)和规模(+)效应增加了CO2排放。我们考虑限制CO2排放的三项补充政策:总量控制和贸易,排放强度标准和能效标准。对于竞争不完善的公司,任何这些政策都会从加入世贸组织中获得收益。如果我们假设完全竞争的市场结构,则加入世贸组织对环境的负面影响较小,并且当环境监管涉及能源强度或效率标准时,不会产生净收益。

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