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首页> 外文期刊>Review of Scientific Instruments >Spatial shaping for generating arbitrary optical dipole traps for ultracold degenerate gases
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Spatial shaping for generating arbitrary optical dipole traps for ultracold degenerate gases

机译：空间整形可生成用于超冷简并气体的任意光学偶极阱

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摘要

We present two spatial-shaping approaches – phase and amplitude – for creating two-dimensional optical dipole potentials for ultracold neutral atoms. When combined with an attractive or repulsive Gaussian sheet formed by an astigmatically focused beam, atoms are trapped in three dimensions resulting in planar confinement with an arbitrary network of potentials – a free-space atom chip. The first approach utilizes an adaptation of the generalized phase-contrast technique to convert a phase structure embedded in a beam after traversing a phase mask, to an identical intensity profile in the image plane. Phase masks, and a requisite phase-contrast filter, can be chemically etched into optical material (e.g., fused silica) or implemented with spatial light modulators; etching provides the highest quality while spatial light modulators enable prototyping and realtime structure modification. This approach was demonstrated on an ensemble of thermal atoms. Amplitude shaping is possible when the potential structure is made as an opaque mask in the path of a dipole trap beam, followed by imaging the shadow onto the plane of the atoms. While much more lossy, this very simple and inexpensive approach can produce dipole potentials suitable for containing degenerate gases. High-quality amplitude masks can be produced with standard photolithography techniques. Amplitude shaping was demonstrated on a Bose-Einstein condensate.
机译：我们提出两种空间整形方法-相位和幅度-为超冷的中性原子创建二维光学偶极子电势。当与由像散聚焦光束形成的有吸引力的或排斥的高斯薄片结合时，原子被捕获在三个维度上，从而形成具有任意电势网络的平面约束-自由空间原子芯片。第一种方法利用广义相衬技术的适应性，将穿过相位掩模后嵌入光束中的相结构转换为像平面中的相同强度分布。相位掩膜和必要的相位对比滤光片可以化学蚀刻到光学材料（例如熔融石英）中，也可以与空间光调制器一起使用；蚀刻可提供最高质量，而空间光调制器可进行原型设计和实时结构修改。在大量的热原子上证明了这种方法。当将势能结构制成偶极子陷阱束路径中的不透明蒙版，然后将阴影成像到原子平面上时，振幅整形是可能的。尽管损耗更大，但这种非常简单且便宜的方法可以产生适合于容纳简并气体的偶极电势。可以使用标准的光刻技术生产高质量的振幅掩模。在玻色-爱因斯坦冷凝物上证实了振幅整形。

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