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Export and productivity in global value chains: comparative evidence from Latvia and Estonia

机译：全球价值链中的导出和生产力：拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚的比较证据

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摘要

This paper investigates the effect of exporting on productivity, often referred to as "learning by exporting", in the context of global value chains (GVCs). Although the rise of GVCs raised hopes that it would facilitate knowledge transfer from technologically advanced foreign buyers, empirical evidence on its role in learning by exporting is scant. We use data of Latvian and Estonian firms to observe how learning by exporting differs across types of exports associated with different kinds of participation in GVCs. We find that productivity gains resulting from export entry are significantly larger for specific types of exports, such as exports of knowledge-intensive services, intermediate goods and re-exports. These exports correspond to activities that generate high value added within GVCs. Our findings indicate that the intensity of interactions with global buyers alongside exporters' room for technology catch-up define the extent of learning by exporting in GVCs.
机译：本文在全球价值链（GVCS）的背景下，调查了出口导出生产力，通常被称为“通过出口学习”的效果。虽然GVCS的崛起提出了希望它可以促进从技术先进的外国买家的知识转移，但通过出口发挥作用的实证证据是狭隘的。我们使用拉脱维亚和爱沙尼亚公司的数据来观察出口如何在与不同类型的GVC相关联的出口类型中的出口不同。我们发现出口进出口导致的生产率收益对于特定类型的出口，如知识密集型服务，中间商品和再出口的出口，显着更大。这些导出对应于在GVC中生成高值的活动。我们的研究结果表明，与出口商的技术追赶的全球买家的互动强度定义了通过在GVC中出口的学习程度。

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