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首页> 外文期刊>Reviews on environmental health >Environmental exposures: an underrecognized contribution to noncommunicable diseases
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Environmental exposures: an underrecognized contribution to noncommunicable diseases

机译：环境暴露：对非传染性疾病的认识不足

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摘要

Previous attempts to determine the degree to which exposure to environmental factors contribute to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been very conservative and have significantly underestimated the actual contribution of the environment for at least two reasons. Firstly, most previous reports have excluded the contribution of lifestyle behavioral risk factors, but these usually involve significant exposure to environmental chemicals that increase risk of disease. Secondly, early life exposure to chemical contaminants is now clearly associated with an elevated risk of several diseases later in life, but these connections are often difficult to discern. This is especially true for asthma and neurodevelopmental conditions, but there is also a major contribution to the development of obesity and chronic diseases. Most cancers are caused by environmental exposures in genetically susceptible individuals. In addition, new information shows significant associations between cardiovascular diseases and diabetes and exposure to environmental chemicals present in air, food, and water. These relationships likely reflect the combination of epigenetic effects and gene induction. Environmental factors contribute significantly more to NCDs than previous reports have suggested. Prevention needs to shift focus from individual responsibility to societal responsibility and an understanding that effective prevention of NCDs ultimately relies on improved environmental management to reduce exposure to modifiable risks.
机译：先前确定环境因素对非传染性疾病（NCDs）造成影响的程度的尝试非常保守，并且由于至少两个原因，大大低估了环境的实际贡献。首先，大多数以前的报告都排除了生活方式行为危险因素的影响，但这些因素通常涉及大量暴露于环境化学物中，从而增加了疾病的风险。其次，生命的早期暴露于化学污染物现在显然与生命后期罹患多种疾病的风险增加有关，但这些联系通常难以辨别。对于哮喘和神经发育疾病尤其如此，但是对肥胖症和慢性疾病的发展也有重要贡献。大多数癌症是由遗传易感人群的环境暴露引起的。此外，新的信息显示出心血管疾病和糖尿病与暴露于空气，食物和水中的环境化学物质之间的显着联系。这些关系可能反映了表观遗传效应和基因诱导的结合。与以前的报告相比，环境因素对非传染性疾病的贡献更大。预防需要将重点从个人责任转移到社会责任，并认识到有效预防非传染性疾病最终取决于改善环境管理以减少暴露于可改变的风险中。

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  • 来源
    《Reviews on environmental health》 |2013年第1期|59-65|共7页
  • 作者

    Rosana E. Norman; David O. Carpenter; James Scott; Marie Noel Brune; Peter D. Sly;

  • 作者单位

    Children's Health and Environment Program, Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland,Australia School of Population Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia;

    Children's Health and Environment Program,Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia Institute for Health and the Environment, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA;

    Children's Health and Environment Program,Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia Metro North Mental Health, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston,Queensland, Australia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland, Australia;

    Public Health and Environment, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;

    Children's Health and Environment Program,Queensland Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    burden of disease; children; environment; exposure; noncommunicable diseases;

    机译：疾病的负担;孩子们环境;接触;非传染性疾病;

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