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Health effects of uranium: new research findings

机译：铀对健康的影响：新的研究发现

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摘要

Recent plans for a nuclear renaissance in both established and emerging economies have prompted increased interest in uranium mining. With the potential for more uranium mining worldwide and a growth in the literature on the toxicology and epidemiology of uranium and uranium mining, we found it timely to review the current state of knowledge. Here, we present a review of the health effects of uranium mining, with an emphasis on newer findings (2005-2011). Uranium mining can contaminate air, water, and soil. The chemical tox-icity of the metal constitutes the primary environmental health hazard, with the radioactivity of uranium a secondary concern. The update of the toxicologic evidence on uranium adds to the established findings regarding nephrotoxicity, genotoxicity, and developmental defects. Additional novel toxicologic findings, including some at the molecular level, are now emerging that raise the biological plausibility of adverse effects on the brain, on reproduction, including estrogenic effects, on gene expression, and on uranium metabolism. Historically, most epidemiology on uranium mining has focused on mine workers and radon exposure. Although that situation is still overwhelmingly true, a smaller emerging literature has begun to form around environmental exposure in residential areas near uranium mining and processing facilities. We present and critique such studies. Clearly, more epidemiologic research is needed to contribute to causal inference. As much damage is irreversible, and possibly cumulative, present efforts must be vigorous to limit environmental uranium contamination and exposure.
机译：在发达经济体和新兴经济体中，最近的核复兴计划都促使人们对铀矿开采越来越感兴趣。随着世界范围内更多铀矿开采的潜力以及关于铀的毒理学和流行病学以及铀矿开采的文献的增长，我们发现现在应该回顾当前的知识状态。在这里，我们介绍了铀矿开采对健康的影响，重点是新发现（2005-2011年）。铀矿开采会污染空气，水和土壤。金属的化学毒性是主要的环境健康危害，而铀的放射性是次要关注因素。关于铀的毒理学证据的更新增加了关于肾毒性，遗传毒性和发育缺陷的既定发现。现在正在出现其他新的毒理学发现，包括在分子水平上的一些发现，这些发现提高了对大脑，生殖（包括雌激素作用，基因表达和铀代谢）的不利影响的生物学可行性。从历史上看，大多数关于铀矿开采的流行病学都集中在矿山工人和ra的暴露上。尽管这种情况仍然是绝对正确的，但围绕铀开采和加工设施附近居民区的环境暴露，已经形成了规模较小的新兴文献。我们提出并批评这样的研究。显然，需要更多的流行病学研究来促进因果推理。由于许多损害是不可逆的，而且可能是累积性的，因此目前的努力必须大力限制环境铀的污染和暴露。

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  • 来源
    《Reviews on environmental health》 |2011年第4期|p.231-249|共19页
  • 作者

    Doug Brugge; Virginia Buchner;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Doug Brugge, Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA;

    The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    environment; epidemiology; exposure; human health; toxicity; uranium;

    机译：环境;流行病学接触;人类健康;毒性;铀;

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