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Environmental Factors in Cancer: Radiation

机译:癌症中的环境因素:辐射

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摘要

When radiation interacts with biological material the resulting effect depends on the nature of the radiation: ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation. The energy of particles of ionizing radiation (e.g. X-rays and alpha-particles) is high so that an electron can be removed from an atom or molecule with which the particle collides, creating an electrically charged ion pair. This ionization can damage cellular DNA, either through a direct interaction or via the creation of chemically reactive free radicals. Such damage can lead to cell death, or to non-lethal DNA modification that is unrepaired or misrepaired. It is this non-lethal DNA modification that can lead to malignant disease. Non-ionizing radiation (e.g. microwaves and extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields (ELF-EMF)) does not have enough energy to break chemical bonds and produce ionization. Optical radiation (ultraviolet, visible and infrared radiation) has sufficient energy to generate photoelectric excitation to cause biological effects.
机译:当辐射与生物材料相互作用时,产生的效果取决于辐射的性质:电离辐射和非电离辐射。电离辐射粒子(例如X射线和α粒子)的能量很高,因此可以从与粒子碰撞的原子或分子中除去电子,从而产生带电的离子对。这种电离可通过直接相互作用或通过化学反应性自由基的产生来破坏细胞DNA。此类损坏可能导致细胞死亡,或导致未修复或错误修复的非致死性DNA修饰。正是这种非致命性的DNA修饰可导致恶性疾病。非电离辐射(例如微波和极低频电场和磁场(ELF-EMF))没有足够的能量来破坏化学键并产生电离。光辐射(紫外线,可见光和红外辐射)具有足够的能量来产生光电激发,从而引起生物效应。

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  • 来源
    《Reviews on environmental health》 |2010年第1期|p.57-62|共6页
  • 作者

    William A. Suk;

  • 作者单位

    National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, POBox 12233, Mail Drop B2-06, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, U.S.A.;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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