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首页> 外文期刊>Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries >Non-native fish in aquaculture and sport fishing in Brazil: economic benefits versus risks to fish diversity in the upper River Paraná Basin
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Non-native fish in aquaculture and sport fishing in Brazil: economic benefits versus risks to fish diversity in the upper River Paraná Basin

机译：巴西水产养殖和运动钓鱼中的非本地鱼类：巴拉那河上游河流的经济效益与鱼类多样性的风险

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Brazil has a highly diverse freshwater fish fauna and their freshwaters provide valuable provisioning ecosystem services in aquaculture and sport angling, especially in the developed regions in the south. Non-native fish now comprise a substantial proportion of the total aquaculture production and value, contributing at least $US 250 million in 2008 (63% of the total value of freshwater fish aquaculture) according to the Fish and Agriculture Organisation. Much of this aquaculture activity is centred in Central and Southern Brazil, such as impounded sections of the upper River Paraná. The non-native fishes used tend to feed at relatively low trophic levels, with the most prominently species being Cyprinus carpio and Oreochromis niloticus. Ecological risk assessment suggests these species are potentially highly invasive and deleterious to the native fish diversity of invaded water bodies. Fishes introduced for the creation of sport fisheries tend feed higher trophic levels through piscivory, such as the peacock basses (Cichla species) from Amazonia. Their introductions have generally resulted in establishment and invasion, which tends to be followed by significant and rapid declines in native fish diversity as a consequence of increased predation pressure. Thus, whilst non-native fish in the upper Paraná River support provisioning ecosystem services of substantial economic value, the principal species used represent high risks to fish diversity and conservation. It is recommended local management should concentrate on reducing these risks through use of more appropriate species in these ecosystem services, with these decisions derived using risk assessment and precautionary principles.
机译：巴西的淡水鱼类种类繁多，其淡水为水产养殖和运动垂钓提供了宝贵的供应生态系统服务，尤其是在南部发达地区。根据鱼类和农业组织的统计，非本地鱼类现在占水产养殖总产量和总产值的很大一部分，2008年贡献了至少2.5亿美元（占淡水鱼水产养殖总产值的63％）。这种水产养殖活动大部分集中在巴西中部和南部，例如巴拉那河上游的蓄水区。所使用的非本地鱼类趋于以相对较低的营养水平进食，其中最突出的物种是鲤鱼和尼罗罗非鱼。生态风险评估表明，这些物种对入侵水体的本地鱼类多样性具有潜在的高度入侵性和有害性。为创建体育渔业而引入的鱼类往往通过食肉动物获得更高的营养水平，例如亚马逊地区的孔雀鲈（Cichla种）。它们的引入通常导致定殖和入侵，由于捕食压力的增加，本地鱼类多样性往往会迅速迅速下降。因此，尽管巴拉那河上游的非本地鱼类支持提供具有重大经济价值的生态系统服务，但所使用的主要物种却对鱼类的多样性和保护构成了高风险。建议地方管理者应集中精力通过在这些生态系统服务中使用更合适的物种来减少这些风险，而这些决定是通过风险评估和预防原则得出的。

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