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Estimation of Benchmark Dose of Lifetime Cadmium Intake for Adverse Renal Effects Using Hybrid Approach in Inhabitants of an Environmentally Exposed River Basin in Japan

机译:使用混合方法估算日本环境暴露河流域居民终生镉摄入不良肾效应的基准剂量

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The aim of this study is to estimate the reference level of lifetime cadmium intake (LCd) as the benchmark doses (BMDs) and their 95% lower confidence limits (BMDLs) for various renal effects by applying a hybrid approach. The participants comprised 3,013 (1,362 men and 1,651 women) and 278 (129 men and 149 women) inhabitants of the Cd-polluted and nonpolluted areas, respectively, in the environmentally exposed Kakehashi River basin. Glucose, protein, aminonitrogen, metallothionein, and (2)-microglobulin in urine were measured as indicators of renal dysfunction. The BMD and BMDL that corresponded to an additional risk of 5% were calculated with background risk at zero exposure set at 5%. The obtained BMDLs of LCd were 3.7 g (glucose), 3.2 g (protein), 3.7 g (aminonitrogen), 1.7 g (metallothionein), and 1.8 g ((2)-microglobulin) in men and 2.9 g (glucose), 2.5 g (protein), 2.0 g (aminonitrogen), 1.6 g (metallothionein), and 1.3 g ((2)-microglobulin) in women. The lowest BMDL was 1.7 g (metallothionein) and 1.3 g ((2)-microglobulin) in men and women, respectively. The lowest BMDL of LCd (1.3 g) was somewhat lower than the representative threshold LCd (2.0 g) calculated in the previous studies. The obtained BMDLs may contribute to further discussion on the health risk assessment of cadmium exposure.
机译:这项研究的目的是通过应用混合方法,评估终生镉摄入量的参考水平(LCd)作为基准剂量(BMD)及其对各种肾脏影响的95%下置信度(BMDL)。参与者分别是在暴露于环境的Kakehashi河流域中的Cd污染地区和非污染地区的3013名居民(分别为1362名男性和1651名女性)和278名(129名男性和149名女性)居民。测量尿液中的葡萄糖,蛋白质,氨基氮,金属硫蛋白和(2)-微球蛋白作为肾功能不全的指标。计算了与5%的额外风险相对应的BMD和BMDL,将零暴露的背景风险设为5%。获得的LCd的BMDL为3.7克(葡萄糖),3.2克(蛋白质),3.7克(氨基氮),1.7克(金属硫蛋白)和1.8克((2)-微球蛋白),男性为2​​.9克(葡萄糖),2.5女士中的蛋白质为g(蛋白质),2.0 g(氨基氮),1.6 g(金属硫蛋白)和1.3 g((2)-微球蛋白)。男性和女性的最低BMDL分别为1.7 g(金属硫蛋白)和1.3 g((2)-微球蛋白)。 LCd的最低BMDL(1.3 g)稍低于先前研究中计算的代表性阈值LCd(2.0 g)。获得的BMDL可能有助于进一步讨论镉暴露的健康风险评估。

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