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Cumulative Response to Sequences of Terror Attacks Varying in Frequency and Trajectory

机译：对频率和弹道变化的恐怖袭击序列的累积响应

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There is a paucity of research examining public response to the cumulative effects of multiple related extreme events over time. We investigated the separate and combined effects of frequency and trajectory of terrorist attacks. A scenario simulation of a series of gas station bombings in Southern California was developed to evaluate respondents' affect, risk perception, and intended avoidance behavior using a 3 (frequency; low vs. medium vs. high) by 3 (trajectory; increasing vs. constant vs. decreasing) factorial design. For each of the nine conditions, three videos were created to simulate news broadcasts documenting the attacks over a three-week period. A total of 275 respondents were included in the analysis. Results from analysis of covariances (ANCOVAs) indicate that trajectory of the sequential attacks (increasing or decreasing in frequency) predicts negative affect, risk perception, and avoidance behavior. In contrast, frequency predicts neither negative affect, positive affect, risk perception, nor intended avoidance behavior. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) further indicate that the effect of negative affect on behavioral intention is mediated by risk perception and the effect of trajectory on risk perception is partially mediated by negative affect. In addition, both ANCOVAs and SEM model results suggest that (1) females experience less positive affect and perceive more risk than males, (2) respondents with higher income perceive more risk, and (3) younger respondents are more likely to modify their behavior to avoid the risk of future attacks.
机译：缺乏研究来调查公众对多种相关极端事件随时间推移的累积影响的反应。我们调查了恐怖袭击的频率和轨迹的单独和综合影响。开发了南加州一系列加油站爆炸的情景模拟，以使用3（频率；低vs.中vs.高）乘3（轨迹；增加vs. 3）来评估受访者的影响，风险感知和预期的回避行为。常数与递减）析因设计。针对这九种情况，分别创建了三个视频来模拟新闻广播，记录在三周时间内的攻击。分析中总共包括275名受访者。协方差分析（ANCOVA）的结果表明，顺序攻击的轨迹（频率增加或减少）预示了负面影响，风险感知和避免行为。相反，频率既不能预测负面影响，正面影响，风险感知，也不能预测预期的回避行为。结构方程模型（SEM）的结果进一步表明，负面影响对行为意图的影响是由风险感知介导的，轨迹对风险感知的影响部分是由负面影响介导的。此外，ANCOVA和SEM模型的结果均表明：（1）女性比男性体验更少的积极影响和更高的风险；（2）高收入的受访者感受到的风险更高；（3）年轻的受访者更有可能改变自己的行为避免将来遭受攻击的风险。

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