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Risk Communication, Values Clarification, and Vaccination Decisions

机译：风险沟通，价值澄清和疫苗接种决策

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Many health-related decisions require choosing between two options, each with risks and benefits. When presented with such tradeoffs, people often make choices that fail to align with scientific evidence or with their own values. This study tested whether risk communication and values clarification methods could help parents and guardians make evidence-based, values-congruent decisions about children's influenza vaccinations. In 2013-2014 we conducted an online 2x2 factorial experiment in which a diverse sample of U.S. parents and guardians (n = 407) were randomly assigned to view either standard information about influenza vaccines or risk communication using absolute and incremental risk formats. Participants were then either presented or not presented with an interactive values clarification interface with constrained sliders and dynamic visual feedback. Participants randomized to the risk communication condition combined with the values clarification interface were more likely to indicate intentions to vaccinate ( = 2.10, t(399) = 2.63, p < 0.01). The effect was particularly notable among participants who had previously demonstrated less interest in having their children vaccinated against influenza ( = -2.14, t(399) = -2.06, p < 0.05). When assessing vaccination status reported by participants who agreed to participate in a follow-up study six months later (n = 116), vaccination intentions significantly predicted vaccination status (OR = 1.66, 95%CI (1.13, 2.44), p < 0.05) and rates of informed choice (OR = 1.51, 95%CI (1.07, 2.13), p < 0.012), although there were no direct effects of experimental factors on vaccination rates. Qualitative analysis suggested that logistical barriers impeded immunization rates. Risk communication and values clarification methods may contribute to increased vaccination intentions, which may, in turn, predict vaccination status if logistical barriers are also addressed.
机译：许多与健康相关的决策都需要在两种选择之间进行选择，每种选择都有风险和收益。当出现这种折衷时，人们通常会做出与科学证据或他们自己的价值观不一致的选择。这项研究测试了风险沟通和价值澄清方法是否可以帮助父母和监护人就儿童流感疫苗接种制定循证，价值一致的决定。在2013-2014年，我们进行了在线2x2阶乘实验，其中随机分配了各种美国父母和监护人样本（n = 407），以使用绝对和增量风险格式查看有关流感疫苗的标准信息或风险交流信息。然后为参与者展示或不展示带有约束滑块和动态视觉反馈的交互式价值澄清界面。随机分组参加风险交流条件并结合数值澄清界面的参与者更有可能表明有接种疫苗的意向（= 2.10，t（399）= 2.63，p <0.01）。在以前对让孩子接种流感疫苗的兴趣较弱的参与者中，这种效果尤为明显（= -2.14，t（399）= -2.06，p <0.05）。在评估同意参加六个月后的随访研究的参与者报告的疫苗接种状况时（n = 116），疫苗接种意向显着预测了疫苗接种状况（OR = 1.66，95％CI（1.13，2.44），p <0.05）和知情选择的比率（OR = 1.51，95％CI（1.07，2.13），p <0.012），尽管实验因素对疫苗接种率没有直接影响。定性分析表明，后勤障碍阻碍了免疫率。风险交流和价值澄清方法可能有助于增加疫苗接种意向，如果还解决了后勤障碍，则可以反过来预测疫苗接种状况。

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