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Human and Nature-Caused Hazards: The Affect Heuristic Causes Biased Decisions

机译:人与自然引起的危险:影响启发式原因导致决策偏向

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摘要

People are more concerned about the negative consequences of human hazards compared with natural hazards. Results of four experiments show that the same negative outcome (e.g., number of birds killed by an oil spill) was more negatively evaluated when caused by humans than when caused by nature. Results further show that when identical risk information was provided, participants evaluated nuclear power more negatively compared with solar power. The affect associated with the hazard per se influenced the interpretation of the new information. Furthermore, the affect experienced in the situation fully mediated the evaluation of the negative outcomes of a hazard. People's reliance on the affect heuristic is a challenge for acceptance of cost-benefit analyses because equally negative outcomes are differently evaluated depending on the cause. Symbolically significant information and the affect evoked by this information may result in biased and riskier decisions.
机译:与自然危害相比,人们更担心人为危害的负面后果。四个实验的结果表明,相同的负面结果(例如,漏油致死的禽鸟数量)在被人为造成时比由自然引起时受到的负面评价更高。结果进一步表明,当提供相同的风险信息时,与太阳能相比,参与者对核能的评价更为负面。与危害本身相关的影响影响了对新信息的解释。此外,在这种情况下经历的影响完全介导了对危害的负面结果的评估。人们对影响试探法的依赖是接受成本效益分析的一个挑战,因为根据原因,对同样负面的结果进行不同的评估。具有象征意义的重要信息以及此信息引起的影响可能会导致有偏见且风险更大的决策。

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